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Key Terms
Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skeletal System | Made up of organs called bones (206 in adult human). Act as a framework, protect, level, store and protect blood cells. |
| Diaphyris | Shaft, or middle section, of the long bone |
| Epiphysis | Two extremities or ends of the long bone |
| Medullary Canal | Cavity in the diaphysis that contains yellow marrow |
| Yellow Marrow | Made up mainly of fat cells. Fill the medullary canal. |
| Endosteum | Membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow intact |
| Red Marrow | Found in certain bones such as the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and cranium; and in the proximal ends of the humerus and femur. It produces red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells. |
| Periosteum | Though membrane that covers the outside of the bone ehich contains blood and lymph vessels and osteobalsts (special cells that form new bone tissue) |
| Axial Skeleton | Forms the main trunk of the body; composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs and breastbone. |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Forms the extremities and is composed of the shoulder or girdle, arm bone, pelvic girdle, and leg bones. |
| Cranium | Spherical structure that surrounds brain and protects it. |
| Fontanels | "Soft spots" in the cranium at birth; spaces that allow for the enlargement of the skull as the brain grows. Made of membrane and cartilage. |
| Sutures | Areas where the cranial bone have joined together |
| Sinuses | Air spaces in the bones of the skull that act as resonating chambers for the voice. They are lined with mucus. |
| Foramina | Openings in the bone that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone. |
| Vertebrae | Spinal column made of 26 bones. Bones that protect the spinal cord and provide support for the head and trunk. |
| Ribs | Attach to the thoraci vertebrae on the dorsal surface of the body. 12 pairs, also called castae. |
| Carpals | Bones of the wrist. 8 per hand. |
| Clavicles | collarbones; there are 2. |
| Femur | Thigh bone; 1 per leg |
| Fibula | Lower leg bone; 1 per leg. |
| Foramina | openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone |
| Humerus | upper arm bone; 1 per arm |
| Joints | Areas where 2 or more bones join together. |
| Ligaments | connective tissue bands that help hold long bones together at joints. |
| Metacarpals | bone at the plam of the hand |
| Metatarsals | bone at the insetp of the foot. |
| Os coxae | two coxal, or hip bones, that join togetehr the sacrum of the dorsal part of the body and make up the pelvic girdle. |
| Patella | Kneecap; 1 per leg |
| Phalanges | Finger bones; 14 per hand. |
| Radius | Lower amr on the thumb side; 1 per hand. |
| Scapula | 2 shoulder bones |
| Sternum | breast bone |
| Tarsals | Ankle bones. 7 per foot. |
| Tibia | lower leg bone (bigger one) |
| Ulna | Larger bone of the lower arm with a projection called olecranon process at its upper end forming an elbow. |
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