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Blesi8e Ch18 Terms
[MA3] The Digestive System [Tier 01]
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alimentary canal | the intestinal tract, from the esophagus to the rectum and accessory organs |
| anal | pertaining to the anus or outer rectal opening |
| anus | the external opening of the anal canal |
| appendectomy | the excision of the appendix |
| appendicitis | refers to removal of the appendix |
| ascending | referring to that portion of the colon thats ascends from the lower right quadrant to the upper right quadrant of the abdomin |
| bile | a secretion of the liver; a greenish-yellow fluid with a bitter taste |
| bolus | a mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed |
| bowel | refers to the intestines |
| cardiac sphincter | the muscle that encircles the esophagus where it enters the stomach |
| cecum | the beginning of the ascending porting of the large intestine that forms a blind pouch at the junction of the intestine |
| cholecystectyomy | surgically removal of the gallbladder |
| cholelithiasis | stones in the gallbladder |
| chyme | the mixture of partially digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach and small intestines during digestion of a meal |
| cirrhosis | an interstitial inflammation with hardening of the tissues of an organ especially the liver |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon |
| colon | the large intestine |
| colostomy | incision if the colon for the purpose of making a more or less permanent opening |
| common bile duct | a duct carrying bile from the hepatic and cystic ducts to the duodenum |
| constipation | against conception |
| Crohn's disease | inflammation of the GI tract with debilitating symptoms |
| cystic | pertaining to cyst; of disease refers to condition with multiple cyst |
| defecate | to pass stool or move bowels |
| descending | refers to the portion of the large intestine from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid |
| diarrhea | frequent bowel movements usually liquid or semisolid |
| digestion | the process by which food is broken down, mechanically and chemically, in the gastrointestinal tract and converted into absorbable form |
| digestive | to pertain to digestion |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula |
| duodenum | the first segment of the small intestines |
| emesis | to vomit |
| enzyme | a complex chemical substance produced by the body, found primarily in the digestive juices, that acts upon food substances ti break them down for absorption |
| esophagus | a collapsible tube from the pharynx to the stomach , through through the pass the food and water the body ingest |
| fecal | pertaining to feces |
| fissure | an ulcer, split, crack or tear in the tissue |
| fistula | an abnormal tubelike passage from a normal cavity or an abscess to a free surface |
| flatus | intestinal gas |
| gallbladder | a small sac suspended beneath the liver that concentrates and stores biles |
| gastric | pertaining to the stomach |
| gastrointestinal (GI) | pertaining to the stomach and intestines |
| gastroscopy | examination of the stomach with a gastroscope |
| hemorrhoidectomy | surgical exclusion of hemorrhoidal tissue |
| hemorrhoids | varicose veins of the anal cavity |
| hepatic | pertaining to the liver |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hernia | a projection of a part from its normal location |
| herniorrhaphy | the surgical repair of a hernia |
| hiatus | pertains to a herniation of the stomach through an opening or hiatus |
| hydrochloric acid | a digestive juice found in the stomach |
| ileocecal | the valve between the end of the small intestine and the cecum |
| ileostomy | a surgical opening from the ileum onto the abdominal wall |
| ileum | the last section of the small intestine |
| impaction | a collection of harden feces in the rectum that cannon be expelled |
| incontinent | unable to control bladder or bowels |
| insulin | a hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas |
| intestine | the alimentary canal extending from the pylorus of the stomach to the anus |
| jaundice | a yellowish discoloration of the sclera and skin due to the presence of bile pigments in the blood |
| jejunum | the middle segment of the small intestine, which measure approximately eight feet in length |
| liver | the largest gland in the body, located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen beneath the diaphragm |
| mesentery | a peritoneal fold connecting the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall |
| mouth | the oral cavity; can can also refer to the opening to organs |
| nausea | an inclination to vomit |
| pancreas | an organ that secretes insulin and pancreas digestive juice |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| paralytic ileus | paralysis of the intestinal wall with symptoms if acute obstruction |
| peptic | pertaining to digestive; can also refer to an ulcer of the upper digestive tract |
| peristalsis | a progressive, wavelike muscular movement that occurs that occurs involuntarily in the urinary and digestive |
| polyp | a tumor with a pedicle, especially on mucous membranes, such as in the nose, rectum or intestines |
| proctoscope | an instrument for the inspection of the rectum |
| pruritus ani | pertaining to an itching sensation |
| pyloric | pertaining to the opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
| rectumy | the lower part of the large intestine between the sigmoid and the anal canal |
| reflux | a return or backward flow |
Created by:
MaesterRay
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