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Bryant A&P Ch1 Vocab

Foundations of Human Anatomy and Physiology

TermDefinition
abdominal cavity Houses organs such as the stomach, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, and spleen.
abdominopelvic cavity Encompasses both the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
anatomical position The body position that acts as a "starting point" when examining the anatomy of the human body
anatomy The study of the structure and form of the body
anterior (ventral) cavity The all-encompassing cavity found on the front of the body that includes the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
cranial cavity The body cavity that houses the brain.
frontal plane The plane that divides the body into posterior (back) and anterior (front) portions.
metric system The system of measurement used in all science areas.
middle ear cavities The cavity that houses the structures of the inner ear.
nasal cavity The cavity that houses the nostrils and some of the sinuses.
oral cavity The mouth or cavity that houses the teeth, tongue, gums, and palatine tonsils.
orbital cavities The cavities that house the eyes.
pelvic cavity The cavity that houses the reproductive organs and the bladder.
physiology The study of the functionality of the human body and its systems.
posterior (dorsal) cavity The all-encompassing cavity found on the back of the body that includes the cranial and spinal cavities.
sagittal plane The plane that divides the body into a left and right half portions.
spinal cavity The cavity that houses the spinal cord.
thoracic cavity The cavity that houses the lungs and the heart.
transverse plane The plane that divides the body up into the superior and inferior portions.
atoms The basic unit of a chemical element
molecules A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
cells The smallest living unit of any living organism
control center System that receives and analyzes information from sensory receptors, then sends a command stimulus to an effector to maintain homeostasis.
effector Unit that receives a command stimulus from the control center and causes an action to help maintain homeostasis.
homeostasis a state of regulated physiological balance.
homeostatic imbalance a state in which there is diminished ability for the organ systems to keep the body's internal environment within normal range.
homeostatic mechanism the process that maintain homeostasis.
metabolic rate the speed at which the body consumes energy.
metabolism all chemical reactions that occur within the organism to maintain life.
negative feedback mechanism that reverses a condition that has exceeded the normal homeostatic range to restore homeostasis. Ex: Being febrile (feverish) when you are sick.
organ body part organized to perform a specific function.
organ system two or more organs working together to perform a specific function.
positive feedback mechanism that further increases a condition that has exceeded the normal homeostatic range. Ex: Contractions during labor.
receptor transmitter that senses environmental changes.
tissues organized groups of similar cells
kinetics a squeezing force that creates compression in the structure to which it is applied.
force a push or pull acting on a structure.
compression a squeezing force that creates compression in the structure to which it is applied.
elastic a response that occurs when force is removed and the structure returns to its original size and shape.
mass the quantity of matter contained in an object.
pressure force distributed over a given area.
shear a force that acts along a surface and perpendicular to the length of a structure.
stress force distribution inside a structure.
tension a pulling force that creates tension in the surface to which
torque the rotary effect of force.
torsion a loading pattern that can cause a structure to twist about its length.
weight a force equal to the gravitational acceleration exerted on the mass of an object.
Created by: Mr. Bryant
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