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Anatomy & Physiology
Endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What hormone increases blood sugar? | Glucagon |
| What does increasing the release of cortisol do? | Prolongs stress by inhibiting the body's immune responses |
| What hormone decreases protein synthesis and triggers a decrease in inflammation? | Cortisol |
| What is due to congenital hypothyroidism? | Cretinism |
| What is considered a physical reaction to a stressor? | Increased heart rate |
| What hormone increases energy production by cells, stimulates protein synthesis, and speeds up the repair of damaged tissues? | Thyroid hormones |
| What gland or organ releases luteinizing hormone? | Anterior pituitary |
| What hormone stimulates the contraction of the prostate and vas deferens during male sexual arousal? | Oxytocin |
| What hormone stimulates production of T lymphocytes? | Thymosin |
| What is the result of excess growth hormone in children? | Gigantism |
| What condition produce too much cortisol? | Crushing's syndrome |
| What stimulates red blood cell production? | Erythropoietin |
| What gland or organ has cells that release glucagon? | Pancreas |
| What is a symptom of Acromegaly? | Swelling in hands and feet & developing gaps between teeth |
| What condition produced too little growth hormone during childhood? | Dwarfism |
| What hormone lowers blood calcium by activating osteoblasts? | Calcitonin |
| What condition is when the thyroid gland does not produce adequate amounts of thyroid hormones? | Myxedema |
| When does Acromegaly usually occur? | Excess growth hormones in adults |
| What releases melatonin? | Pineal body |
| What regulates a person's biological clock? | Pineal body |
| What hormone decreases blood sugar? | Insulin |
| What condition can be experienced after removal of the pituitary gland? | Hypothyroidism |
| What regulates circadian rhythms? | Melatonin |
| What hormones are made of amino acids and do not cross cell membranes easily? | Nonsteroidal |
| What gland releases antidiuretic hormones and oxytocin? | Posterior pituitary |
| What is diabetes mellitus? | A high glucose level due to inadequate secretion of insulin |
| What gland or organ secretes epinephrine and aldosterone? | Adrenal |
| What gland or organ secretes growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone? | Anterior pituitary |
| What hormone stimulates the body to retain sodium and water? | Aldosterone |
| What is TSH? | The hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones |
| What is Crushing's syndrome? | A person with thin skin, high glucose levels, thin extremities, and a large abdomen |
| What secretes a hormone called erythropoietin? | Kidney |
| When a person develops antibodies that attack the thyroid gland, causing the thyroid to produce too many thyroid hormones that is what? | Graves' disease |
| What releases PTH? | Parathyroid |
| What gland secretes the hormone calcitonin? | Thyroid |
| What is the meaning of endocrine? | Within secrete |
| What are hormones? | Chemicals secreted by a cell that affect the functions of other cells |
| What hormones does ovaries have? | Estrogen & progesterone |
| What does the G-protein cause? | Enzymes inside the cell to be turned on |
| Hormone levels are controlled by what? | Feedback loop |
| The hypothalamus produces what hormones? | Oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone |
| What is the pituitary gland also known as? | Hypophysis |
| What is adenohypophysis? | Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| What hormone stimulates ovulation and production of estrogen? | Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| What does the hormone prolactin stimulate? | Milk production |
| Is follicle-stimulating hormone in females or males? | Both |
| The hormone that stimulates an increase in the size of the body's muscles and bones is called what? | Growth hormone (GH) |
| What does MSH stand for? | Melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| What does the MSH stimulate? | Synthesis of melanin and its disbursement to the skin cells of the epidermis |
| The islets of Langerhans consists of what types of cells? | Alpha & beta cells |
| Alpha cells secrete what? | Glucagon |
| Beta cells secrete what? | Insulin |
| What does insulin promote? | The cells' uptake of glucose |
| What does glucagon do? | Increases glucose concentrations in bloodstream and slows down protein synthesis |
| Where is the pineal body located? | Between the cerebral hemispheres |
| Where is the thymus located? | Between the lungs |
| The stomach secretes what hormone? | Gastrin |
| Secretin and cholecystokinin gets released from what organ or gland? | Small intestine |
| What hormone does the heart secrete? | Atrial natriuretic peptide |
| What is a stressor? | Any stimulus that produces stress |
| What is general stress syndrome? | The body's physiologic response to stress consists of a group of reactions |
| What causes general stress syndrome? | The release of hormones |
| What is the results of released hormones? | Increase in heart rate, breathing rate, & blood pressure |
| What is the condition which the kidneys fail to reabsorb water, caused excessive urination? | Diabetes insipidus |
| What is goiter? | An enlargement of the thyroid gland causing swelling of the neck |
| What are the symptoms for cretinism? | Stunted growth, abnormal bone formation, mental retardation, low body temperature, and overall sluggishness |
| What are the causes of myxedema? | Removal of the thyroid, radiation treatments to the neck area, & obesity |
| Addison's disease is what? | A condition in which the adrenal glands, specifically the adrenal cortex, fail to produce enough corticosteroids |
| What condition affects about 1 in every 25,000 people? | Addison's disease |
| The cause of Addison's disease is what? | Unknown |
| Who are more likely to develop diabetes? | African Americans |
| When left untreated, diabetes can result in what? | Long-term and life-threatening complications |
| Supplemental growth hormone is treatment for what? | Dwarfism |
| A goiter is caused by what? | Deficiency of iodine in the diet |
| Insomnia, unexplained weight loss, anxiety, muscle weakness, increased appetite, excessive sweating, vision problems, and increased heart rate are all symptoms of what? | Graves' disease |
| The treatment for cretinism is what? | Thyroid hormone replacement |
Created by:
brcharity-becoat
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