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Leticia Arroyo
Anatomy Week 6-12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | consists of the nerve tissues that lie in the periphery, or “outer regions,” of the nervous system. |
| somatic nervous system (SNS) | regulates the somatic effectors, which are the skeletal muscles. |
| Efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) | carry information to the autonomic, or visceral, effectors, which are mainly the smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue, and other “involuntary” tissue. |
| Ependymal cells | are glia that resemble epithelial cells, forming thin sheets that line fluid-filled cavities in the brain and spinal cord. |
| blood-brain barrier (BBB) | helps maintain the very stable environment required for normal functioning of the brain |
| Erythrocyte | Transportation of respiratory gases (O2 and CO2) |
| Neutrophil | Cellular defense—phagocytosis of small pathogenic microorganisms |
| Basophil | Secretes heparin (anticoagulant) and histamine (important in inflammatory response |
| Eosinophil | Cellular defense—some phagocytosis; chemical attack of large pathogenic microorganisms (such as protozoa) and parasitic worms; helps regulate allergic reactions and other inflammatory responses |
| Lymphocyte | Humoral defense—secretes antibodies; involved in immune system response and regulation |
| Monocyte | Capable of migrating out of the blood to enter tissue spaces as a macrophage—an aggressive phagocytic cell capable of ingesting bacteria, cellular debris, and cancerous cells |
| Platelet | Releases clot-activating substances and helps in formation of actual blood clot by forming platelet “plugs” |
| Fibrous pericardium | tough, loose-fitting, and inelastic sac around the heart |
| Serous pericardium (2 layers) | 1. Parietal layer—lining inside the fibrous pericardium 2. Visceral layer (epicardium)—adhering to the outside of the heart; between visceral and parietal layers is a pericardial space that contains a few drops of pericardial fluid |
| epicardium | The outer layer of the heart wall |
| endocardium | The lining of the interior of the myocardial wall is a delicate layer |
| Veins | large blood vessels that return blood from various tissues to the heart so that the blood can be pumped out to tissues again. |
| upper respiratory tract | nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, and larynx. |
| lower respiratory tract | trachea, all segments of the bronchial tree, and the lungs |
| larynx | (voice box) lies between the root of the tongue and the upper end of the trachea, immediately anterior to the lowest part of the pharynx |
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Letty_gissel
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