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Anatomy Ch. 2
Uilani
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| All proteins have which four elements? | carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
| A very large molecule composed of subunits of sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate bond is a | nucleic acid |
| The carbon-containing molecules formed by living things are often called | organic molecules |
| Chaperone proteins assist in the proper folding of other proteins so they can have the correct functional shape. | True |
| Proteins are polymers of | amino acids |
| ATP | is the form of energy that cells generally use |
| DNA and RNA are important because | information molecules. |
| A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol molecule and three of the same type of fatty acid. | false |
| The lipid that is often referred to as a tissue hormone is | prostaglandin |
| The most important monosaccharide is | glucose |
| A saturated fatty acid is one in which | all available bonds of its hydrocarbon chain are filled. |
| Any large molecule made up of many identical small molecules is called a(n) | polymer |
| In base pairing of DNA molecules, _____ is bound to _____. | adenine; thymine |
| What determines how a protein performs? | shape |
| RNA and DNA have the same pyrimidine bases but different purine bases. | false |
| What term is often used to describe certain arrangements of atoms attached to the carbon core of many organic molecules? | functional group |
| Which of these is not a lipid? | polysaccharide |
| When two amino acids are joined, a peptide bond is formed and an H+ ion is released. | false |
| Which of the following is polymer of glucose that is sometimes referred to as animal starch? | Glycogen |
| Which term means “water loving” and applies to the phospholipid head? | hydrophilic |
| The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____ with _____ being the dominant component | carbohydrate and protein; protein |
| Which energy-releasing or endergy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? | Creatine phosphate |
| Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _______ is the main polysaccharide in the body | glycogen |
| Unsaturated fats | will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms. |
| Amino Acids frequently become joined by | peptide bonds |
| Which of the following is not true of RNA? | All of the above are true of RNA. It contains ribose sugar, adenine, and is composed of smaller molcules called nucleotides. |
| What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? | Degree of saturation |
| The amino group in an amino acid is | NH3+ |
| All of the following substances are organic except | electrolytes |
| The type of lipoprotein associated with "bad" cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is: | LDL |
| When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide? | Maltose |
| Which lipid acts as a "tissue hormone"? | Prostaglandin |
| The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories? | Structural and functional |
| The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are: | steroids |
| A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons | free radical |
| The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is: | nitrogen |
| A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: | Both B and C are correct. Phospholipid and steroid. |
| Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body? | Salts |
| Which lipid is part of vitamin D? | Steroids |
| Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? | Both have a ring structure in their molecule. |
| Peptide bonds join together molecules of: | amino acids |
| Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids? | Primary |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis |
| Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? | They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end |
| If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAGGCTG, the other side would be | GATCCGAC |
| Which of the following is not true of carbohydrates? | All of the above. They include substances commonly called sugars, they are the body's primary source of energy, they are a part of both DNA and RNA |
| Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet are called: | essential amino acids |
| The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? | secondary |
| DNA | is a double-helix strand of nucleotides |
| The basic building blocks of fats are: | fatty acids and glycerol |
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