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Kylie Stewart
Anatomy Weeks 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Anatomy? | The study of body structure |
| What is Physiology? | The study of body function |
| What are the levels of organization of the body? | Chemical, Organelle, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism |
| What is the anatomical position? | Standing erect, arms at the side, with palms, face, and feet facing forward |
| What is matter? | Anything that has mass and occupies space. |
| A(n) ____________ is a simple form of matter, a substance that cannot be broken down into two or more different substances. | element |
| A(n) ____________ is atoms of two or more elements joined to form chemical combinations | compound |
| All the chemical reactions that occur in body cells; informally called body chemistry | Metabolism |
| What are the 3 major types of chemical bonds? | Ionic bonds, Covalent bonds, Hydrogen bonds |
| What are the 3 basic types of chemical reactions? | Synthesis reactions, Decomposition reactions, Exchange reactions |
| The chemical reaction involved in catabolism | Hydrolysis |
| The chemical reaction involved with anabolism | Dehydration Synthesis |
| As the concentration of hydrogen increases in a solution, the solution becomes _____________ acid and the pH value ____________. | increasingly, decreases |
| As the concentration of hydrogen decreases in a solution, the pH value _________ and the solution becomes ___________ alkaline. | increases, more |
| Serves as the boundary of the cell, has a phospholipid bilayer | plasma membrane |
| network of canals and sacs extending from the nuclear envelope; may have ribosomes attached | endoplasmic reticulum |
| stack of cisternae surrounded by vesicles; synthesizes carbohydrates | golgi apparatus |
| tiny membranous bags that temporarily contain molecules for transport or later use | vesicles |
| tiny membranous bags containing enzymes ; the cells "digestive system" | lysosomes |
| tiny membranous bags containing enzymes that detoxify harmful substances in the cell | peroxisomes |
| the "power house" of the cell | mitochondria |
| spherical double membrane container of chromatin (DNA) | nucleus |
| What are three types of cell connections? | desmosome, gap junctions, tight junctions |
| What are the 4 major tissues? | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous |
| Blood is a connective tissue | True |
| Contains a large number of very fine elastic fibers; gives the matrix material a high degree of flexibilty | Elastic Cartilage |
| The strongest and most durable type of cartilage | Fibrocartilage |
| Cartilage found in the support rings of the respiratory tubes and covering the ends of bones that articulate at the joints | Hyaline Cartilage |
| Found in the walls of most internal hollow organs | Smooth Muscle |
| The organs of the ___________ system are the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves. | nervous |
| The "nerve cells", or ___________, are the conducting units of the nervous system. | neurons |
| Connects, supports, and regulates the function of the neurons. | Neuroglia |
| A condition that results in loss of pigment in certain areas of the skin. | Vitiligo |
| The base layer of the epidermis | Stratum Basale |
| The spiny layer of the epidermis | Stratum Spinosum |
| The granular layer of the epidermis where the process of surface keratin formation begins. | Stratum Granulosum |
| The "clear layer" of the epidermis. Typically absent in thin skin. Usually found on the soles of feet and palms of the hands. | Stratum Lucidum |
| The most superficial layer of the epidermis. The "horny layer". Sometimes called the "outer barrier area". | Stratum Corneum |
| Yellow discoloration of the skin and other tissues (such as the sclera of the eye) by bile pigments. | Jaundice |
| Highly contagious bacterial condition from Staphylococcus or Streptococcus infection. Starts as erythema, develops into vesicles and yellowish crusts. Common in young children. | Impetigo |
| General name for many fungal infections of the skin | Tinea |
| An autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels and connective tissues of the skin. | Scleroderma |
| Fibrous bands that help hold the various bones together into an organized skeleton. | Ligaments |
| Rigid, mineralized structures that help perform five major roles of the body. | Bones |
| Process of blood cell formation carried out in red bone marrow | Hematopoiesis |
| Proximal and Distal ends of a long bone | Epiphyses |
| Hollow, cylindrical, shaftlike portion of a long bone | Diaphysis |
| Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular or joint surfaces of epiphyses | Articular Cartilage |
| Dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces | Periosteum |
| tubelike hollow space in the diaphysis of a long bone; contains yellow marrow | Medullary cavity |
| thin, fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity of long bones. | Endosteum |
| Bone disease characterized by increased bone porosity and reduced mineral density and mass. Causes bones to fracture easily. | Osteoporosis |
| Skeletal disease in children characterized by demineralization from bone related to vitamin D deficiency. Bowing of legs is a common symptom. | Rickets |
| Skeletal disease in adults characterized by demineralization from bone related to vitamin D deficiency. Increases susceptibility to fractures, especially in the vertebral bodies and femoral necks. | Osteomalacia |
| The two main divisions of the human skeleton. | Axial and appendicular |
| The two major divisions of the skull | Cranium and the face |
| What is the atlas? | The first cervical vertebra |
| What is the axis? | The second cervical vertebra |
| Orthopedic procedure used to treat the vertebral compression fractures that occur in osteoporosis, as a result of certain tumors, or after prolonged use of steroids. | Balloon Kyphoplasty |
| Abnormal increased roundness in the thoracic curvature | Kyphosis |
| Middle ear infection | Otitis Media |
| Inflammation of the air spaces within the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. | Mastoiditis |
Created by:
kylies1219
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