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Torsha Napoleon
Anatomy Study Stack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tissue | a group of a great many similar cells that all developed together from the same part of the embryo and all perform a certain function. |
| Cells | the smallest and most numerous structural units that possess and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter |
| Four major or principal tissue types | epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous |
| Organ | structure made up of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that, together, they can perform a special function. |
| Systems | varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that, together, they can perform complex functions for the body. |
| anatomical position | The body, how it moves, its posture, or the relation-ship of one area to another assume that the body as a whole is in a specific position |
| Anterior and Posterior | Anterior means “front” or “in front of”; posterior means “back” or “in back of.” |
| Medial and Lateral | Medial means “toward the midline of the body”; lateral means “toward the side of the body, or away from its midline.” |
| Proximal and Distal | Proximal means “toward or nearest the trunk of the body, or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts”; distal means “away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part.” |
| Superficial and Deep | Superficial means “nearer the surface”; deep means “farther away from the body surface.” |
| Superior and Inferior | Superior means “toward the head,” and inferior means “toward the feet.” Superior also means “upper” or “above,” and inferior means “lower” or “below.” |
| HOMEOSTASIS | relatively constant states maintained by the body. It is the maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions despite changes in either the internal or the external environment that characterizes homeostasis |
| set point | normal reading or range of normal |
| BASIC COMPONENTS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS | There is a minimum of four basic components in every feedback control loop: 1. Sensor mechanism 2. Integrator or control center 3. Effector mechanism 4. Feedback |
| NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IN CONTROL SYSTEMS | Oppose or “negate” a change (such as a drop in temperature) by creating a response (production of heat) that is opposite in direction to the initial disturbance (fall in temperature below a normal set point). |
| POSITIVE FEEDBACK IN CONTROL SYSTEMS | amplify or reinforce the change that is occurring. Tend to produce destabilizing effects and disrupt homeostasis |
| ATOMS | a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element. |
| ATOMIC STRUCTURE | • Protons (p+) • Neutrons (n0) • Electrons (e-) |
| CHEMICAL REACTIONS | 1. Synthesis reactions 2. Decomposition reactions 3. Exchange reactions |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions that occur in body cells |
| two major types of metabolic activity | two major types of metabolic activity |
| Catabolism | chemical reactions that break down larger food molecules into smaller chemical units and, in so doing, often release energy. |
| Anabolism | many chemical reactions that build larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits |
| Organic compounds | compounds composed of molecules that contain carbon–carbon (C—C) covalent bonds or carbon–hydrogen (C—H) covalent bonds—or both kinds of bonds. |
Created by:
lrnapoleon1222
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