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Corina Davis
Anatomy SCI220 - Weeks 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: | coronal. |
| The number of abdominal regions is: | nine. |
| When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n): | tissue. |
| The mediastinum contains all of the following except the: trachea, venae cavae, right lung, or esophagus | right lung. |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the _____ plane. | transverse |
| An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n): | tissue. |
| The gallbladder lies in which cavity: | abdominal cavity. |
| Popliteal refers to the: | area behind the knee. |
| An x-ray technician has been asked to make x-ray films of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included? | Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac |
| Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? | Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up |
| A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions. | right and left |
| An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n): | tissue. |
| The structure that is called the “powerhouse” of the cell is the: | mitochondria. |
| A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the _____ region. | right hypochondriac |
| From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: | chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism. |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | ventral/dorsal. |
| The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are: | cells. |
| The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? | Umbilicus |
| Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: | organelles. |
| Molecules are: | atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates. |
| If your reference point is “farthest from the trunk of the body” versus “nearest to the trunk of the body,” where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? | Proximal |
| The reproductive system includes all of the following except the: testes, ovaries, ureter, or penis | ureter. |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: | sagittal. |
| A frontal section divides the body into _____ portions. | front and back |
| The lungs are located in the: | thoracic cavity. |
| Blood production is a function of which system? | Skeletal |
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): | organ. |
| Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life? Digestion, Balance, Conductivity, Circulation, or Reproduction | Balance |
| The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: Stomach, pancreas, heart, reproductive organs | Heart |
| What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? | Superficial |
| Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water? | 50% |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons. |
| When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: | electrons |
| The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | Decomposition |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | Four |
| A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): | Electron |
| Which of the following bonds are the weakest? | Hydrogen |
| Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? | Helium |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | Neutrons |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | Hydrolysis |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: | solution becomes more acidic. |
| In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: | turn blue. |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: | Catabolism, Anabolism, ATP Requirements |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of: | Protons |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: | one proton and two neutrons. |
| AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. | exchange |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases |
| The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis. |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
| An example of an element would be: Ne, CO2, C6H12O6, H20 | Ne. |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | two. |
| What are the properties of water? | High specific heat, High heat of vaporization, strong polarity |
| Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? Oxygen, Zinc, Carbon, Potassium | Zinc |
| The octet rule refers to the: | stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. | alkaline (basic) |
| The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): | water. |
| Acids | Proton Donors, Release Hydrogen Ions, Taste sour |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2 |
| An ionic bond is formed by: | a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. |
| Which of the following represents a trace element in the body? Sulfur, Chlorine, Ion, Phosphorous | Iron |
| The nucleolus is composed chiefly of: | rRNA |
| A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: | microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments. |
| ATP production occurs within which organelle? | Mitochondrion |
| The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the: | peroxisomes |
| The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center. | centrosome |
| Ribosomes | Contain Protein, Contain RNA, Are composed of a large unit and a small unit |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Made of broad, flattened discs. Has many ribosomes attached to it. |
| Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow? | Primary cilium |
| Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function? | Help organize the various components of the plasma membrane |
| The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: | microvilli |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: | female sex cell or ovum. |
| The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily? | Cholesterol |
| Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? | Proteasomes |
| Main cell structures include all of the following except: | interstitial fluid. |
| The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae? | Mitochondrion |
| Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus? | Lysosomes |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: | desmosomes |
| Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?” | Microfilament |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called: | cilia |
| Describe a structure or function of the proteasome | Breaking down abnormal and misfolded proteins released from the ER Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits Requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in |
| Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called: | caveolae |
| In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: | Faces both the exterior and interior of the cell. |
| The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the: | phospholipid bilayer. |
| Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle? Golgi apparatus, Ribosome, Mitochondria | Ribosome |
| The fundamental organizational unit of life is the: | Cell |
| A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the: | Flagellum |
| Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells? | Immune cells |
| The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the: | lysosome |
| The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called: | microvilli |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: | glycoprotein molecules. |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: | chromatin |
| The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: | plasma membrane. |
| DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? | Nucleus |
| What are the functions of the integral membrane proteins? | Act as receptors, signal transduction, identification of "self" |
| The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are: | Lysosomes and Peroxisomes |
| The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes. | Synovial |
| The tip of the nose and the external ear are composed of | elastic cartilage. |
| Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? | epithelial |
| The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis. | dermoepidermal |
| A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called | mucus |
| The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the __________ glands. | sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous |
| Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called the | lanugo |
| The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the | hypodermis |
| The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer. | reticular |
| What is an example of a serous membrane? | Pleura, Peritoneum, Pericardium |
| Which is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? | stratum corneum |
| Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the | epidermis |
| What tissue lacks a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly? | cartilage |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called | extracellular matrix. |
| The basic determinant of skin color is | melanin |
| Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules? | simple cuboidal epithelium |
| The two major categories of body membranes are | epithelial and connective. |
| Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue? | cardiac |
| What muscle contains intercalated disks? | cardiac muscle |
| What are primary germ layers? | Endoderm, Ectoderm, Mesoderm |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is | connective |
| Adipose tissue is | a storage tissue. |
| Name types of connective tissue | Blood, Adipose, Cartilage |
| Besides water, extracellular matrix contains | proteins and proteoglycans. |
| The union of basal and fibroreticular laminae forms the | basement membrane. |
| The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the | neuron |
| The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the | cerumen |
| All glands in the body can be classified as either | exocrine or endocrine. |
| The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and | epidermis |
| Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant? | collagen |
| Anteriorly, each rib of the first seven pairs attaches to the | sternum |
| Name Types of Bone | Flat, Irregular, Short, Long |
| Name bones in the appendicular skeleton | Tarsals, Femur, Clavicle |
| Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating ribs? | Floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum. |
| Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle? | clavicle and scapula |
| The very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone is the | lacrimal |
| The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the | patella |
| Spongy bone is characterized by | open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. |
| The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the | hyoid |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the | periosteum |
| Which of the pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed? | pubis |
| _____ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage. | Collagenous |
| Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist? | carpals |
| What structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions? | ligaments and tendons |
| Which of the following bones form the framework of the hand? | metacarpals |
| Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand, the _____ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones. | thumb |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | pubic symphysis. |
| The two bones that form the framework for the forearm are the | radius and ulna. |
| Which lower leg bone is smaller and is located laterally? | fibula |
| The extracellular components of bone matrix are | hard and calcified. |
| If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a | female |
| Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called | osteons |
| The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the | mandible |
| Cartilage is classified as _____ tissue. | connective |
| Which bone serves as the keystone in the architecture of the cranium? | sphenoid |
| The main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the | diaphysis |
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