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7th SS -Constitution
Constitution: Judicial Branch
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| judicial branch | branch whose job it is to interpret laws and administer justice |
| # of types of federal courts | 3 |
| Supreme Court | highest federal court |
| District Courts | lowest federal court |
| how long federal judges serve for | lifetime |
| how many justices sit on the Supreme Court | 9 |
| who is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court | John Roberts Jr. |
| most cases fall into two categories | criminal and civil |
| Court of Appeals | where challenges from District Courts go / middle federal court |
| where does the Constitution outline the job of the judicial branch | Article 3 |
| who do federal laws apply to | everyone |
| which court case established judicial review | Marbury v. Madison |
| Judicial review | the process by which the courts interpret the meaning of the Constitution and the laws passed under it |
| Miranda v. Arizona | case that ruled that suspects of a crime must be informed of their rights |
| Schneck v. United States | case which declared that the U.S. government can restrict free speech if the words used create a clear and present danger |
| system of balance in our government that ensures no branch will become too powerful | checks and balances |
| federalism | the sharing of power between the federal, state, and local governments |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | established the constitutional supremacy of the federal government over the state government |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and determined that enslaved persons were not citizens of the United States |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | ruled that "separate but equal" for blacks and whites was okay |
| Gitlow v. New York | decision confirmed that the Bill of Rights applies to the states |
| Brown v. Board of Education | laws enforcing segregation in schools are unconstitutional |
| checks and balances | principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power |
| # of Supreme Courts | 1 |
| # of Appellate Courts | 13 |
| # of District Courts | 94 |
| Guardians of the Constitution | nickname given to federal courts |
| Congress | branch of government that decides how many Supreme Court justices there should be |
| President of the United States | person who appoints federal judges |
| Senate | chamber of Congress that approves the President's federal judge choice |
Created by:
MissMisiak
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