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Urology
Ch. 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Urology | Study of the urinary system |
| Nephrology | Study of the kidneys or nephrons |
| Urination | Process of urinating |
| Micturition | Process of making urine |
| Voiding | Process of making urine |
| Hydronephrosis | Condition of fluid or water on the kidneys |
| Calculus | Kidney stone |
| Nephrolithiasis | State of having a kidney stone |
| Calculogenesis | -Process of producing stones -Also lithogenesis |
| Nephropathy | Disease of the kidney |
| Nephroptosis | State of a fallen kidney |
| Polycystic kidney disease | Pertaining to many cysts in the kidneys |
| Pyelonephritis | Infection or inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney or nephron |
| Acute Renal Failure (ARF) | -Now known as Acute Kidney Injury -Sudden decrease in the production of urine, due to trauma, severe blood loss, or infection |
| Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) | -Now known as Chronic Kidney disease -Gradual worsening of the kidneys that leads to the progressive damage to the kidneys caused from chronic, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or glomerulonephritis |
| End-stage-Renal Disease (ESRD) | Irreversible stage of chronic renal failure in which there is little or no remaining kidney function |
| Uremia | Caused due to renal failure |
| Cystitis | Infection or inflammation of the bladder |
| Cystocele | Hernia of the bladder |
| Epispadias | Congenital condition in which the female urethra is in an abnormal location near the clitoris, or the male urethra is in an abnormal location on the upper surface of the shaft of the penis rather than at the tip |
| Hypospadias | When the male urethra is on the underside of the shaft of the penis |
| Urethritis | Infection or inflammation of the urethra |
| Anuria | Condition of without (being able to produce) urine |
| Bacteriuria | Condition of bacteria in the urine |
| Dysuria | Condition of painful urination |
| Enuresis | Process (that causes a patient to) urinate (involuntarily); involuntary release of urine in an otherwise normal person who should have bladder control. Bedwetting |
| Glycosuria | Condition of glucose in the urine |
| Hematuria | Condition of blood in the urine |
| Hypokalemia | Condition of deficient amounts of potassium in the blood |
| Incontinence | State of not being able to hold together (urine in the bladder); inability to voluntarily keep urine in the bladder |
| Nocturia | Increased frequency and urgency of urination during the night |
| Oliguria | Condition of scanty (amounts) of urine (produced) |
| Polyuria | -Sign of diabetes -Condition of (production) of much urine (produced) |
| Pyuria | -Indication of Urinary Tract Infection -Condition of pus in the urine |
| Urinary tract infection (UTI) | Bacterial infection somewhere in the urinary tract |
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | Test that measures the amount of urea in the blood |
| Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) | Test that puts urine onto a culture medium in a Petri dish to identify the cause of a urinary tract infection |
| Urinalysis (UA) | -Known as a dipstick test -Test that describes the urine and detects substances in it |
| Intravenous Pyelography (IVP) | Process that uses x-rays and radiopaque contrast dye within the vein to record the renal pelvis |
| Pyelogram | Picture or record of the renal pelvis |
| Urography | Process of recording the urinary system |
| Nephrotomography | Process of recording a layer of the kidney or nephron |
| Ultrasonography | Procedure that uses ultra high-frequency sound waves emitted by a transducer or probe to produce an image of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder |
| Sonogram | Ultrasound image |
| Cystometry | Process of measuring the bladder |
| Cystometrogram | Record of the measurements of the bladder |
| Voiding Cystourethrography | X-ray image taken while the patient is urinating |
| Catherization | Process of inserting a flexible tube inserted into urethra and into the bladder to drain the urine |
| Hemodialysis | -Treats End-stage Renal Failure -This type of dialysis uses a shunt or fistula to allow easy and reliable access to the blood |
| Cystectomy | Surgical removal of the bladder |
| Radical Cystectomy | Surgical removal of the bladder, surrounding tissues, and lymph nodes |
| Cystoscopy | Process of using an instrument to examine the bladder |
| Cystoscope | Instrument used to examine the bladder |
| Kidney transplant | Procedure to remove a severely damaged kidney from a patient with end-stage kidney failure and insert a new kidney from a donor |
| Lithotripsy | Process of crushing a stone |
| Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) | Procedure that uses several hundred pulses of high energy ultrasonic shock waves from multiple angles outside of the body to break up the stone |
| Nephrectomy | Surgical removal of the kidney or nephron |
| Nephrolithotomy | Process of cutting out a kidney stone |
| Nephropexy | Process of surgically fixing in place the kidney or nephron |
| Urethroplasty | Process of reshaping the urethra by surgery |
| Diuretic Drugs | Medications that blocks sodium from being reabsorbed from the tubule into the blood, decreasing the volume of blood |
| Abbreviations | ARF- acute renal failure BUN- blood urea nitrogen C&S- culture and sensitivity CRF- chronic renal failure ESWL- extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ESRD- end stage renal disease |
| Abbreviations | I&O- intake and output IVP- intravenous pyelography KUB- kidneys, ureters, bladder x-rays UA- urinalysis UTI- urinary tract infection |
| Urologist | Physician who practices in the specialty of urology |
Created by:
Ash_Nic
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