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chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| fascia | is another connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the | endomysium |
| myofibrils | a thread-like structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units are called what | sarcomeres |
| the charge difference across the membrane is called the what | resting membrane potential |
| the brief reversal back of the charge is called what | action potential |
| motor neurons | are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. |
| each branch that connects to a muscle forms a what | neuromuscluar junction |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called what | motor unit |
| what is the enlarged nerve terminal called | presynaptic terminal |
| acetylcholine | neaurotransmitter |
| the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called what | sliding filament mechanism |
| muscle twitch | is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or move muscle fibers |
| lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | the time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | the time during which the muscle relaxes |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | is the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells |
| muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction phase |
| isotonic | equal tension: the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of muscle changes |
| muscle tone | muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| origin | (head) is the most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| muscles that accomplish specific movements are called what | synergists |
| the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the what | belly |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oris | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in skin at the lateral corners of the eye |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| trapezuis | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| what is the arm attached to | the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| latissimus dorsi | medically rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
| deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb |
| tricep brachii | extends the forearm |
| bicep brachii | flexes the forearm |
| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| what are the 19 hand muscles called | intrinsic hand muscles |
| gluteus maxiums | buttocks |
| gluteus medius | hip muscle and common injection site |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the legs: anertior thigh |
| sartorius | tailors muscles, flexes the thigh |
| hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles, flexes the leg and extends the the thigh |
| gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle |
| achillies tendon | flex the foot and toes |
| what are the 20 muscles located within the foot called | the intrinstic foot |
| erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back |
| thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| internal intrcrostals | contract during forced expiration |
| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing. dome-shaped muscle. aids in breathing |
| linea alba | the tndinous area of the abdominal wall |
| on each side of the linea alba is what | rectus abdminis muscle |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superiors | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| orbiularis | puckers the lips |
| mastication | chewing |
| external intercrostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| the lateral muscles of the leg are called what | peroneus |
| rectinaculum | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place |
| tendinous inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis at three or more location, causing a well muscled person to appear segmented |
Created by:
daltoncaldwell1
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