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Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| epimysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle |
| fascia | connective tissue sheath located outside the epimysium |
| perimysium | loose connective tissue that surrounds fascicles |
| what are muscle cells | fibers |
| endomysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds each fiber |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| sarcomeres | joined end to end to form the myofibril |
| z line | attachment site for actin |
| i band | consists of actin |
| a band | extends length of myosin |
| h band | consists of only myosin |
| m line | dark straining band in the center of a sarcomere |
| resting membrane potential | charge difference across a membrane |
| action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| each branch that connects to the muscle forms a what | neuromuscular junction or synapse |
| motor unit | single motor neuron |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| post synaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | secrete a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine |
| acetylcholinesterase | an enzyme that breaks down the neuron and muscle cell |
| sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| a muscle fiber will not respond to a stimulus until that stimulus reaches what | threshold |
| what is it called when the muscle fiber contracts maximally | all-or-none response |
| lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| the time of contraction | contraction phase |
| the time when the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. | tetany |
| the increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| what is atp needed for | energy for muscle contraction |
| where is atp produced | mitochondria |
| high energy molecule | creatine |
| what atp used for in the muscle | synthesizes creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells | oxygen debt |
| when atp is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | muscle fatigue |
| the length of the muscle does not change (equal distance) | isometric |
| the amount of tension produced by the muscles of the body for long periods of time | isotonic |
| constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. keeps head up and back straight | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| contract slowly and more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
| the most stationary end of the muscle | origin (head) |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| do some muscles have multiple origins or heads | yes |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| is one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement it is the | prime mover |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eyelids and causes crows feet in the skin | orbicularis cell |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| kissing muscles | orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | depressor anguil oris |
| chewing | mastication |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| change the shape of tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover. rotates and abducts the head | sternocleidomastoid |
| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles |
| consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle | linea alba |
| posterior high muscles flexes the leg and extends the thigh | hamstring |
| flexes, extends, abducts, the toes | intrinsic foot muscles |
| primarily everters | peroneus |
Created by:
ellabeever
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