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Muscles
CHAPTER 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| contractility | shorten with force |
| excitability | respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | to be stretched |
| elasticity | recoil to resting length |
| epimysium | surrounds skeletal muscles |
| fascia | outside the epimysium |
| perimysium | surrounds fascicle |
| endomysium | surrounds fiber |
| myofibrils | extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| sarcomeres | join end to end to form myofibril |
| Z Line | attachment site for actin |
| I band | consists of actin; light area |
| A band | extends the length of myosin; dark area |
| H Zone | consists of only myosin; center of each sarcomere |
| M line | myosin myofilaments anchored in the center of the sarcomere; dark band |
| resting membrane potential | charge difference |
| action potential | reversal back of charge |
| motor neurons | nerve cels |
| synapse; neuromuscular junction | axon branch |
| motor unit | motor neuron innervates with muscle fibers |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | space between presynaptic terminal and muscle cell |
| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | secrete neuro transmitter |
| acetycholine | diffuses across the synaptic cleft; binds to the postsynaptic terminal; change in the post synaptic cell |
| acetylcholinesterase | enzymatic breakdown; one action potential in the neuron yields one actin in the skeletal muscle; one contraction of the muscle cell |
| sliding filament mechanism | action and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing sarcomeres to shorten |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle |
| threshold/all-or-none response | response to stimulus; contract maximally |
| tetany | muscle remains contracted without relaxation |
| recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
| creatine phosphate | another high-energy molecule |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| muscle fatigue | ATP is used faster than produced |
| isometric | equal distance |
| isotonic | equal tension |
| muscle tone | constant tension |
| fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| origin | stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | muscle between the origin and insertion |
| synergists | muscles work together accomplish specific movement |
| antagonists | muscles work in opposition to one another |
| prime mover | one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| muscle name | location,size, orientaton of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, function |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| mastication muscles | 2 pair of the pterygoids, temporalis, masseter |
| instrinsic tongue muscles | change shape of tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscles and prime mover |
| erector spine | keep back straight and body erect |
| external intercostals | elevate the ribs during respiration |
| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| diaphragm | aids in breathing |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| latissimus dorsi | rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
| deltoid | major abductor to the upper limb |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| retinaculum | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
Created by:
respry1
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