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Ch. 6 muscles
muscle flash cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractillity |
| capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to stimulus | excitability |
| the ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to their original resting length | elasticity |
| connective tissue sheath around skeletal muscle | epimysium |
| connective tissue outside epimysium | fascia |
| numerous visible bundles | muscle fasciculi |
| loose connective tissue | perimysium |
| fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called | fibers |
| each fiber is surrounded by | endomysium |
| cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
| thin myofilaments | actin |
| thick myofilaments | myosin |
| actin and myosin form highly ordered units called | sarcomeres |
| each side of z line, made of actin | I band |
| dark central region of sarcomere | A band |
| light area of sarcomere | H zone |
| dark staining band called | M line |
| charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal back of the charge | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials | motor neurons |
| each branch that connects to the muscle | neuromuscular junction or synapse |
| single motor neuron and all skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | motor unit |
| nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| space between presynaptic terminal and muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber next to synaptic cleft | postsynaptic terminal |
| what is in presynaptic terminal | synaptic vesicles |
| synaptic vesicles secrete | acetylcholine |
| breaks down acetylcholine | acetlycholinesterase |
| sliding of actin and myosin during a contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to stimulus | muscle twitch |
| response that needs all stimulus | all-or-none response |
| time between stimulus and contraction | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| increase in number of motor units being activated | recuitment |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP |
| when ATP degenerates and phosphate is added | ADP |
| high energy molecule that is stored other than ATP | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions | oxygen debt |
| when ATP is used faster than can be produced | Muscle fatigue |
| the length of muscle does not change, amount of tension increases | isometric |
| tension amount is constant, muscle length changes | isotonic |
| constant tension produced by muscles for long time periods | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
| stationary end of a muscle | origin |
| muscle end undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| muscle that work in opposition | antagonist |
| synergist muscle that plays the major role | prime mover |
| raises eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes eyelid and causes crows feet | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheecks | buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | dpressor anguli oris |
| chewing | masitcation |
| changes shape of tongue | intrinsic |
| move tongue | extrinsic |
| rotates and abducts head | sternocleidomastoid |
| muscles on each side of back | erector spinae |
| muscle that move thorax | thoracic muscles |
| most involved in breathing | intercostals |
| elevate ribs | external intercostals |
| contact ribs | internal intercostals |
| accomplishes quiet breathing | diapragm |
| flex and rotate vertebral column, compress abdominal cavity, hold in abdominal viscera | Abdominal wall muscles |
| tendinous area of the abdominal wall | linea alba |
| on each side of linea alba | rectus abdominis |
| cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations | Tendinous inscriptions |
| rotates acapula | trapezious |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| attaches to the thorax | pectoralis major ad latissimus dorsi muscles |
| abducts and flexes arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates adducts and extends arm | latissimus dorsi |
| attaches humerus to scapula and clavicle | deltiod |
| extends forearm | triceps brachii |
| flexes forearm. occupies the anterior compartment | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialis |
| strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons | retinaculum |
| flexes wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends wrist | extensor carpi |
| flexes fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends fingers | extensor digitorum |
| 19 hand muscles | intrinsic hand muscles |
| abduction and adduction of fingers | interossi |
| buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| hip muscle and common injection site | gluteus medius |
| extends leg | quadriceps femoris |
| flexes thigh | sartorius |
| posterior thigh muscle | hamstring muscle |
| form the calf muscle | gastrocnemius and soleus |
| flex the foot and toes | calcaneal tendon |
| lateral leg muscles | peroneus |
| 20 foot muscles | intrinsic |
Created by:
aspry1
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