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ch.6 muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | muscle shortens with force |
| excitability | muscle le respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to resting length |
| epimysium | sheath attached directly to the muscle |
| fascia | surrounds and separates muscles |
| fasciculi/fasicle | numerous visible bundles hat make up a muscle |
| perimysium | loose connective tissue that surround the fasicle |
| muscle cells | muscle fibers |
| endomysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds each fiber |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one side to another |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments (pearls) |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments (golf clubs) |
| sarcomeres | highly ordered units made of actin and myosin |
| resting membrane potential | when the outside is positively charged and the outside is negatively charged |
| action potential | muscle cell that is stimulated so membrane characteristics change |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials |
| neuromuscular junction | branch that connects to the muscle |
| motor unit | motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal where neuromuscular junctions form |
| synaptic cleft | space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | secrete the neurotransmitter acetylcholine |
| acetylcholinesterase | breaks down the muscle cell ad neuron |
| sliding filiament mechanism | sliding of actin and myosin during contraction |
| muscle twitch | contraction of entire muscle due to stimulus |
| threshold | muscle fiber will not respond until it reaches this level |
| all-or-none response | muscle contracts maximally |
| lag phase | time between stimulus to motor neuron to contraction |
| contraction phase | time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | time of relaxation |
| tetany | muscle remains contracted with no rest |
| recruitment | increase of motor neurons being activated |
| creatine phosphate | high energy molecule |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| muscle fatigue | when ATP is being used faster than it can produce |
| isometric | length doeasnt change tension increases |
| isotonic | tension produced is constant throughout contraction |
| muscle tone | constant tension for long periods of time |
| fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch fibers | contract slowly, resistant to fatigue |
| origin | stationary end of muscke |
| insertion | end of muscle, greatest movement |
| belly | portion between head and insertion |
| synergist- | muscle that work together to make specific movements |
| antagonist | muscles work in opposite of eachother |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids "crows feet" |
| orbicular oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheecks |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| intrinsic tongue muscle | change the shape of tongue |
| extrinstic tongue muscle | move the tongue |
| sternocleidomastoid | rotates and abducts the head |
| erector spine | keep the body straight |
| thoracic muscles | move the thorax |
| external intercostal | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| internal intercostal | contract during forced expiration |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectorali major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends arm |
| deltoid | attaches humerus to the scapula and clavicle |
| tricep brachii | extends the forarm |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forarm |
| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| retinaculum | strong fibrious connective tissue |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorium | extends the fingers |
| intrinsic hand muscles | 19 hand muscles |
| interossi | responsible for abduction and adduction for the fingers |
| gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg |
| sartorius | flexes the thigh |
| hamstring muscles | flexes leg and extends thigh |
| gastrocnemius and soleus | form calf muscle |
| calcaneal tendon | Achilles tendon |
| Achilles tendon | flex the foot and toes |
| peroneus | lateral muscles of the leg |
| intrinsic foot | 20 muscles of the foot |
Created by:
kpcople1
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