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Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | the ablity of skeletal muscle to shorten with forces |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| skeletal muscles surronded by a connective tissue sheath called | epimysium |
| Fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| fibers | fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells |
| musle fibers | single cylindrical cell containig several nuclei |
| Endomysium | fibers surrounded by a connetcive tissue sheath |
| myofibrils- | cytoplasm of each fiber |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments, resemble 2 minute strands of pearl twisted |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| sarcomeres | are where actin and myosin myofilaments form highy ordered units |
| sarcomere | basic structural and functional unit of the muscle |
| z line | sarcomere extends from one z line to the other |
| side of z line | light area called an I Band, consist of actin |
| A band | extends the legnth of the myosin, it is the darker central region in each sarcomere |
| center of sarcomere | light area clled the H zone, which consists of only myosin |
| myosin myofilaments | anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining baned called the M line. |
| resting Membrane Potential | charge difference across the membrane |
| action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor neurons- | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Axons | enter muscles and branch |
| each branch that connect to the muscle forms a | neuromuscular junction or synapse |
| motor unit | single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal |
| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | presynaptic contains this |
| acetylcholine- | secerate a neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholinesterase | the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzymes |
| muscle contraction | occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres to shorten |
| sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of acin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle. |
| threshold | a muscle fiber that will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level |
| all-or-none response | phenomenon is |
| lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a moto neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | the time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | the time during which the muscles relaxes |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated |
| ATP | needed for energy for muscles contraction |
| where is ATP produced? | in the mitochondria |
| what does ATP do | it denigrates to the more stable ADP |
| Anaerobic Respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed chemicals reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells. |
| muscle fatgue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced n the muscle cell |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the legnrth of the muscle changes |
| muscle tone- | refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly. |
| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue |
| the orgin | (head) stationary end of the muscle is the most |
| the insertion | the end of the muscles undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and the intersection |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| prime mover | one muscle plays the major rule in accomplishing the desired movement |
| Nomenclature | most muscles have names that are descriptive |
| Occipitofrontal is | raise the eyebrow |
| Orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks. Trumpeters muscle |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Leavator labii superioris | snnering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing. 4 pairs of muscle |
| Intrinsic Tongue muscles | changed the shape of the tongue |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | (Neck Muscle) lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head. |
| Erector Spine | group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect |
| Thoracic Muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| External Intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal Intercostals | Contact during forced expiration |
| Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing, dome shaped muscles and aids in breathing. |
Created by:
kstan055
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