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chapter 6 muscles

QuestionAnswer
the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force contractility
the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to stimulus excitability
the ability to be stretched extensibility
ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched elasticity
surrounds deep muscle epimysium
separates muscle fascia
around the muscle perimysium
connective tissue sheath surrounding each fiber endomysium
made of microfilaments myofilaments
thin myofilaments actin myofilaments
thick myofilaments myosin myofilaments
highly ordered units made of actin and myosin sarcomers
when the outside of the cell is positively charged and the inside is negatively charged resting membrane potential
when the muscle cell is stimulated action potential
nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers motor neurons
the muscle that the branches that axons enter through neuromuscular junction
muscle near center of the cell synapse
a single motor neuron motor unit
enlarged nerve terminal presynaptic
space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell postsynaptic terminal
in the presynaptic terminal synaptic vessels
a neurotransmitter acetylcholine
releases the tension/contraction that acetylcholine prosuced acetylcholinesterase
the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments sliding filament mechanism
contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus muscle twitch
the level a stimulus reaches when a muscle wont respond anymore threshold or all-or-none response
the time between a stimulus and motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction lag phase
time of contraction contraction phase
time which the muscle rests relaxation phase
when the muscle remains contracted without relaxing tetany
increase in the number of motor units being activated recruitment
needed for energy and muscle contraction ATP
what ATP degenerates too and is more stable ADP
ATP energy makes this creatine phosphate
exercise without oxygen anaerobic respiration
exercise with oxygen aerobic respiration
deep breath after exercising oxygen debt
length of the muscle does not change isometric
length of the muscle changes isotonic
constant tension produced by the muscles for long periods of time muscle tone
contract quickly and fatigue quickly fast-twitch fibers
contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue slow-twitch fibers
most stationary end of the muscle origin
end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement insertion
muscle between the origin and insertion belly
muscles that move together to accomplish specific movements synergists
muscles that work in opposition to each other antagonists
if one muscle plays the major role in moving the rest prime mover
raises the eyebrows occipitofrontalis
closes the eyelids and causes "crow feet" wrinkles orbicularis oculi
flattens the cheeks buccinator
puckers the lips orbiculris oris
smiling muscle zygomaticus
sneering levator labii superioris
frowning depressor anguli oris
chewing mastication
4 pairs of mastication muscles 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, masseter
change the shape of the tongue intrinsic tongue muscles
move the tongue extrinsic tongue muscles
lateral neck muscles and prime mover, rotates and abducts the head sternocleidomastoid
group of muscles on each side of the back, responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect erector spinae
muscles that move the thorax thoracic muscles
Created by: srdorre1
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