Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Muscle System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscles to shorten with force |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| Epimysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscle |
| Fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium that surrounds and separates muscles |
| Fasciculi | a bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue |
| Perimysium | loose connective tissue loose connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers |
| Muscle fibers | muscle cells; fasciculi are composed of muscle fibers |
| Endomysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds muscle fibers |
| Myofibrils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| Myofibrils consist of ho many major kinds of protien fibers? | 2 |
| Actin Myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| Myosin Myofilaments | think myofilaments |
| Sarcomeres | highly ordered units that are composed of actin and myosin myofilaments; they are joined end to end to form the myofibril |
| Each Sarcomere extends from | one Z line (disc) to another Z line (disc). |
| Z line | attachment sight for actin |
| The arrangement of actin and myosin give what type of appearance? | banded |
| I band | light area on each side of the Z line; consists of actin |
| A band | extends the of the myosin; darker central region of a sarcomere |
| H zone | another light region in the center of each sarcomere that only consists of myosin |
| M line | dark staining band in the center of the sarcomere; myosin myofilaments are anchored here |
| Is the outside of most cell membranes positively or negatively charged? | positively |
| Is the inside of most cell membranes positively or negatively charged? | negatively |
| Resting Membrane Potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
| When a muscle cell is stimulated, the membrane characteristics change briefly. The brief reversal back of the charge is called what? | Action potential |
| Motor Neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Axons | neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve |
| Neuromuscular Junction | the region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell |
| Synapse | the region of communication between neurons, or a neuromuscular between a neuron and a muscle cell |
| Motor Unit | single motor neuron |
| Presynaptic Terminal | enlarged nerve terminal that forms the neuromuscular junction |
| Synaptic Cleft | space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| Postsynaptic Terminal | receiving part of the synapsis between 2 neurons |
| Synaptic Vesicles | found in presynaptic terminal; secrete acetylcholine |
| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynaptic cell |
| Acetylcholinesterase | enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine |
| Muscle Contraction | occurs when actin and myosin myofilaments slide past each other causing the sarcomeres to shorten causing the muscle to shorten |
| Sliding Filament Mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction. H and I bands shorten, A bands do not change length |
| Muscle Twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| Threshold | the point a stimulus has to reach in order for a muscle fiber to respond to a stimulus, the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| All-or-None-Response | phenomenon of muscle fibers contract maximally after it reaches the threshold |
| Lag Phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron & the beginning of a contraction |
| Contraction Phase | time of contraction |
| Relaxion Phase | the time during which the muscle relaxes |
| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing; this happens when successive stimuli are given, successive twitches occur so frequently |
| Recruitment | the increase number of motor units being activated |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | needed for energy for muscle contraction; it is short-lived and unstable |
| Where is ATP produced | mitochondria |
| ADP | degenerated from ATP; is more stable |
| True or False It is necessary for muscle cells to constantly produce ATP | True |
| Creatine Phosphate | a high-energy molecule; ATP can store this |
| Anaerobic Respiration | without oxygen (gasping for breath); less efficient |
| Aerobic Respiration | with oxygen; more efficient |
| Oxygen Debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the deleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells |
| Muscle Fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| What are the two types of muscle contractions? | Isometric & Isotonic |
| Isometric | (equal distance) the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| Isotonic | (equal tension) the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes |
| Name an example of an isometric contraction | holding a ball |
| Name an example of an isotonic contraction | throwing a ball |
| Muscle Tone | the constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time (keeps head up & back straight) |
| Fast-Twitch-Fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly; anaerobic; white meat of chicken |
| Slow-Twitch-Fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue; aerobic; dark meat |
| What are the points of attachment for muscle called? | origin and insertion |
| Origin | (head) most stationary end of the muscle |
| Insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| Belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin & the insertion |
| True or False Some muscles have multiple origins or heads | True |
| Name an example or a muscle with more then one origin or head | Bi-ceps |
| Synergists | Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| Antagonists | muscles that work opposition to one another |
| Prime Mover | when one muscle pays the major role in accomplishing a desired movement is a group of synergists |
| Occipitofrontalis | muscle that raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis Oculi | muscle that closes eyelids and causes crows feet |
| Orbicularis Oris | muscle that puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | muscle that flattens the cheeks |
| What are the 2 kissing muscles | Orbicularis Oris & Buccinator |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Levator Labii Superioris | sneering |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | frowning |
| Mastication | chewing muscles |
| What are the 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pterygoids, 1 temporalis, & 1 masseter |
| Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle & prime mover; rotates and abducts the head |
Created by:
bncrabt1
Popular Anatomy sets