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chapter 6 muscles
anatomy chapter 6 muscles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Contractility | shorten with force |
| Excitability | respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | recoil to their original resting length |
| Epimysium | surrounded by a connective tissue sheath |
| Fascia | connective tissue, outside the epimysium |
| Perimysium | surrounded by loose connective tissue |
| Fibers | single muscle cells |
| Muscle Fiber | single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei |
| Endomysium | a connective tissue that surrounds each fiber |
| Myofibrils | the cytoplasm of each fiber |
| Actin Myofilaments | thin layer |
| Myosin Myofilaments | thick layer |
| Sarcomeres | basic structural and functional unit |
| Resting Membrane Potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
| Actin Potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| Motor Neurons | carry action potentials |
| Neuromuscular Junction | near the center of the cell |
| Motor Unit | single motor neuron |
| Presynaptic Terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| Synaptic Cleft | the space between presynaptic and muscle cell |
| Synaptic Vesicles | each presynaptic terminal contains |
| Acetylcholine | a secrete neurotransmitter |
| Acetylcholinesterase | when a neuron and muscle cell get broken down by enzymes |
| Sliding Filament Mechanism | sliding actin myofilaments past myofilaments during contraction |
| Muscle Twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| Threshold | muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus |
| Lag Phase | a stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of a contraction |
| Contraction Phase | time of contraction |
| Relaxation Phase | time during which muscle relaxes |
| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| Recruitment | increase in the number of motor units being activated |
| ATP | short-lived and unstable |
| ADP | plus phosphate |
| Creatine Phosphate | can store high energy molcules |
| Anaerobic Respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic Respiration | with oxygen |
| Oxygen Debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
| Muscle Fatigue | ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can produce |
| Isometric | the amount of tension increases/ the length does not change |
| Isotonic | the amount of tension produced/ the length changes |
| Muscle Tone | keeps head up and back straight |
| Fast-Twitch Fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| Slow-Twitch Fibers | contract more slowly and are most resistant to fatigue |
| Origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| Insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| Belly | portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| Antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| Prime Mover | plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| Z Line | sarcomere extends to |
| I Band | light area |
| A Band | extends the length of the myosin/ darker central region |
| H Zone | only consists of myosin |
| M Line | dark staining band |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis Oculi | closes the eyelids |
| Orbicularis Oris | puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Levator Labii Superioris | sneering |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | frowning |
| Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle/ prime mover |
| Thoracic Muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | move the tongue |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus Anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis Major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Flexor Carpi | flexes the wrist |
| Extensor Carpi | extends the wrist |
| Flexor Digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| Extensor Digitorum | extends the fingers |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm |
Created by:
esmith11
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