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Muscles
Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. | Contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched. | Extensibility |
| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. | Elasticity |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | Muscle twitch |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction. | Lag phase |
| The time of contraction | Contraction phase |
| The time during which the muscle relaxes | Relaxation phase |
| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| Contract quickly and fatigue quickly. well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism. ex. white meat of a chickens breast. | Fast twitch fibers |
| Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. They are better suited for aerobic metabolism. Ex. dark meat of a ducks breast or legs of a chicken. | slow twitch fibers |
| Without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| With oxygen | Aerobic respiration |
| Results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells. | Muscle fatigue |
| Constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. Keeps head up and back straight. | Muscle tone |
| (equal distance) The length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process. | Isometric |
| (equal tension) The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes. | Isotonic |
| The most stationary end of the muscle. | Origin |
| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. | Insertion |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion. | Belly |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. | Synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another. | Antagonists |
| Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement it is the | Prime mover |
| raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye. | Orbicularis oculi |
| Puckers the lips. | Orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks. | Buccinator |
| The kissing muscles | Trumpeters muscle, Orbicularis oris, and Buccinator. |
| Smiling muscle | Zygomaticus |
| Sneering muscle | Levator labii superioris |
| Frowning muscle | Depressor anguli oris |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter. |
| Changes the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic tongue muscles |
| Moves the tongue | Extrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| Lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head. | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and body erect. | Erector spinae |
| Muscles that move the thorax. | Thoracic muscles |
| Elevates the ribs during inspiration. | External intercostals |
| Contracts during forced expiration. | Internal intercostals |
| Accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome shaped muscle. Aids in breathing. | Diaphragm |
| On each side of the linea alba is the | Rectus abdominis |
| Crosses the rectus abdominis at three or more locations, causing the abdominal wall of a well muscled person to appear segmented. | Tendinous inscriptions |
| These muscles flex and rotate the vertebral column, compress the abdominal cavity, and hold in the abdominal viscera. | Abdominal wall muscles |
| Rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| Pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| What are the scapula movements | Trapezius, Serratus anterior |
| The arm is attached to the thorax by the | Pectoralis major and Latissimus dorsi muscles |
| Adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. "Swimmer muscles." | Latissimus dorsi |
| Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb. | Deltoid |
| Extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm. | Triceps brachii |
| Flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm. | Biceps brachii |
| Flexes forearm | Brachialis |
| Flexes and supinates the forearm | Brachioradialis |
| Forearm movements | Triceps brachii, Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis |
| String band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so they do not "bowstring" during muscle contraction. | Retinaculum |
| Flexes the wrist | Flexor carpi |
| Extends the wrist | Extensor carpi |
| Flexes the fingers | Flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers | extensor digitorum |
| What are the 19 hand muscles called | Intrinsic hand muscles |
| What muscles are located between the metacarpals | Interossi muscles |
| These muscles are responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers | Interossi muscles |
| Buttocks. | Gluteus maximus |
| Extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles | Quadriceps femoris |
| "Tailors muscle;" flexes the thigh | Sartorius |
| posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh. | Hamstring muscles |
| lateral muscles of the leg | Peroneus muscles |
| how many muscles are located within the foot | 20 |
| What muscles flex, extend, abduct, and adduct toes | Intrinsic foot muscles |
| The charge difference across the membrane is called | Resting membrane potential |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called | Motor unit |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called the | Sliding filament mechanism |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | Threshold |
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