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ch. 6 muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| shortens with force | contractility |
| responds to a stimulus | excitability |
| ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| recoils original resting length | elasticity |
| skeletal muscle surrounded by connective tissue sheath | epimysium |
| connective tissue outside of the epimysium, surrounds and separates muscles | fascia |
| muscle fascicle is surrounded by loose connective tissue | perimysium |
| muscle cells | muscle fibers |
| fiber surrounded by connective tissue sheath | endomysium |
| threadlike structure extends from one end of the fiber to the other | myofibrils |
| thin myofilaments | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
| actin and myosin forms highly ordered units | sarcomeres |
| sarcomere extends from | z lines |
| light area consists of actin, on each side of z lines | I bands |
| dark region in sarcomere, extends the length of myosin | A band |
| in the center of each sarcomere consists of only myosin | H zone |
| myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center, dark staining band | M line |
| the charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| the brief reversal back of the charge | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| axons enter the muscles and branch and forms | neuromuscular junction or synapse |
| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber | postsynaptic terminal |
| presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
| secrete neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
| acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by | acetylcholinesterase |
| sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| contraction of entire muscle | muscle twitch |
| muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until stimulus reaches | threshold |
| threshold is also known as | all or none response |
| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning contraction | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time when muscles relax | relaxion phase |
| muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| the increase in the number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| needed for energy for contractions, produced in the mitochondria, short lived and unstable | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| high energy molecule | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions | oxygen debt |
| when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than produced | muscle fatigue |
| more stable plus phosphate | ADP (adenosine diphosphate) |
| length of muscle doesn't change, tension increases | isometric |
| tension is constant, length changes | isotonic |
| constant tension for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast twitch fibers |
| contract slowly, resistant to fatigue | slow twitch fibers |
| most stationary end of muscle | origin |
| end of muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| muscle that work together to do specific movements | synergists |
| muscles that work against each other | antagonists |
| muscle that plays the major role | prime mover |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eyelids | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| chewing | mastication |
| neck muscle | sternocleidomastiod |
| trunk muscles | erector spinae |
| most involved in breathing | external and internal intercostals |
| accomplishes quite breathing | diaphragm |
| aids in breathing | dome shaped breathing |
| elevates ribs | external intercostals |
| contracts during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| tendinous area of the abdominal wall | linea alba |
| on each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominis |
| crosses the rectus abdominis | tendinous inscriptions |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| attaches arm to the thorax | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles |
| adducts and flexes arm | pectoralis major |
| rotates adducts and extends arm | latissimus dorsi |
| attaches humerus to scapula and clavicle, abductor of upper limb | deltoid |
Created by:
amadkin23
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