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Ch. 6 muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability of Skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| Extensibility | The ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they've been stretched |
| A connective tissue sheath that surrounds the skeletal muscle | Epimysium |
| Another connective tissue that is located outside the epimysium | Fascia |
| Fasciculi that are surrounded by loose connective tissue | Perimysium |
| Single muscle cells that the fasciculi are composed of | Fibers |
| Muscle fiber that is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | Endomysium |
| Threadlike structure that extends from one ends of the fiber to the other | Myofibrils |
| Thin myofilaments | actin myofilaments |
| Thick myofilaments | Myosin myofilaments |
| The basic structural and functional unity of the muscle (formed by actin and myosin myofilaments) | Sarcomeres |
| Attachment site for actin | Z-line |
| On each side of the Z-line, consists of actin, and is a light area | I-band |
| Extends the length of the myosin, is the darker central region in each sarcomere | A-band |
| Another light area and consists only of myosin | H-band |
| Myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staning band | M-line |
| The charge difference across the membrane | Resting membrane potential |
| The brief reversal back of the charge | Action potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| Each axon branch that connects to the muscle | Neuromuscular junction (synapse) |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | Motor unit |
| The enlarged nerve terminal | Presynaptic Terminal |
| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | Synaptic Cleft |
| Muscle fiber | Postsynaptic Terminal |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains | Synaptic Vesicles |
| Synaptic vesicle secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
| The process when acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft and is rapidly broken down by enzymes | Acetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | Siding filament mechanism |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes action potential in one or more muscle fibers | Muscle twitch |
| A muscle fiber that will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level | Threshold |
| The point where the muscle fiber will contract maximally | All- or- none response |
| The time between application is a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | Lag phase |
| The time of contraction | Contraction phase |
| The time where the muscle relaxes | Relaxation phase |
| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated | Recruitment |
| Short lived, produced in the mitochondria, and is needed for energy muscle contraction | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| When muscle cells rest and cant produce ATP they store another high-end molecule called | Creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions | Oxygen debt |
| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | Muscle Fatigue |
| 2 types of muscle contraction | Isometric and isotonic |
| The length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction phase (equal distance) | Isometric |
| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes (equal tension) | Isotonic |
| Refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | Muscle tone |
| Contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast- Twitch fibers |
| Contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue | Slow-Twitch fatigue |
| The most stationary end of the muscle (head) | Origin |
| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | Belly |
| Muscles that work together to accomplished specific movements | Synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | Antagonists |
| In a group of synergists, the one muscle that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | Prime Mover |
| Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eyelids and causes wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eyes | Orbicularis oculi |
| puckers of the lips | Orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks. Trumpeters muscle | Buccinator |
| Kissing muscles | Buccinator and Orbicularis oris |
| Smiling muscle | Zygomaticus |
| Sneering | Levatior labii superior |
| Frowning | Depressor anguli oris |
| Chewing | Mastication |
| Change the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| move the tongue | Extrinsic Tongue muscles |
| Lateral neck muscle and prime mover | Sternocliedomastiod |
| Group of muscles on each side of the back | Erector Spinae |
| Rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| pulls scapula anterioly | Serratus anterior |
| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | Latissimus dorsi |
| Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb | Deltoid |
| Extends the forearm | Triceps brachii |
| Flexes the forearm | Biceps brachii |
| flexes and supinates forearm | Brachioradialis |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | extensor carpi |
| flexes the fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers | extensor digitorum |
| buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| extends the legs | Quadreiceps femoris |
| flexes the thigh | sartorius |
| flexes the leg and extends the thigh | Hamstring muscles |
| forms the calf muscle (2 words) | Gastrocnemius and soleus |
Created by:
mesaxto1
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