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Chapter 6. Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ability to shorten with force | Contractility |
| Capacity to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| the ability to recoil to original state | Elasticity |
| surrounded by connective tissue/skeletal muscle | Epimysium |
| ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| located outside the epimysium | Fascia |
| Threadlike structed that extends from one end to another | Myofibrils |
| Single muscle cells | Muscle fibers |
| surrounded by connective tissue/ fiber | Endomysium |
| thin myofilaments | Actin |
| Thich myofilaments | Myosin |
| form the myofibril from actin and myosin | Sarcomeres |
| Z-line | attachment side for actin |
| I-Band | Consist of actin |
| A-band | Extends the length of myosin |
| H-zone | consist of only myosin |
| M-line | Myosin myofilaments are anchored here |
| When a muscle cell is stimulated | Action potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potential | Motor neurons |
| Axons center the muscle and branch form | Neuromuscular junction |
| Single motor neuron and all it innervates | Motor unit |
| Enlarged nerve terminal | Presynaptic terminal |
| space between presynaptic terminal | Synaptic cleft |
| Muscle fiber in synaptic cleft | Postsynaptic terminal |
| Presynaptic terminal contains | Synaptic vesicles |
| Neurotransmitter that is secreted from synaptic vesicles | Acetylcholine |
| The enzyme that breakdown neuron and muscle cells | acetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of myofilaments during contraction | Sliding filament mechanism |
| Contraction of muscle due to stimulus | Muscle twitch |
| Fibers will not respond until the stimulus reaches a | theshold |
| When the fibers will contract maximally | All-or-none response |
| The time between a stimulus and beginning of contraction | Lag phase |
| Time of contraction | Contraction Phase |
| Time when muscle relaxes | Relaxation Phase |
| Muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| Increase in number of motor units activated called | recruitment |
| Needed for muscle contraction | ATP |
| Where is ATP produced | mitochondria |
| What is created when ATP is degenrated | ADP |
| High-energy molecule stored in muscles | Creatine Phosphate |
| Without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
| With oxygen | Aerobic respiration |
| The amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid to glucose | Oxygen Debt |
| When ATP is being used faster than it can produce | Muscle fatigue |
| Length of muscle doesn't change, But tension does | Isometric |
| Tension in muscle is constant, while muscle length changes | Isotonic |
| Constant tension over time | Muscle tone |
| Fibers that contract quickly but fatigue quicker | Fast-twitch muscle fibers |
| Contract slower but are more efficient | Slow-twitch muscle fibers |
| Points of attachment for each muscle | origin and insertion |
| Attachment point for muscle to the bone | Tendon |
| Most stationary end of the muscle | origin(head) |
| end of muscle undergoing greatest movement | Insertion |
| Portion of muscle between origin and insertion | belly |
| Some muscles have multiply | origins |
| Muscles that worth together | Synergist |
| Muscle that work in opposition to each other | Antagonist |
| Muscles that play a major role in the desired movement | Prime mover |
| Muscle that raises the eyebrow | Occipitofrontailis |
| Smiling muscles | Zygomaticus |
| Sneering | levator labii superioris |
| Mastication has 2 pair of what | Pterygoids |
| Lateral neck and prime mover | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Group of muscles on each side of the back responsible for the back to be straight | Erector Spinae |
| Elevate the ribs during inspiration | External intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | Internal Intercostals |
| Dome-shaped muscle accomplishes quiet breathing called | diaphrahm |
| Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall | Abdominal wall muscles |
| The tendinous area of the abdominal wall is called | linea alba, |
| On each side of linea alba is | Rectus abdominis muscle |
| The arm is attached to the thorax by | pectoralis major and lattimus dorsi muscle |
| Adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| 19 Hand muscles called | intrinsic hand muscles |
| buttocks | Gluteus maximus |
| Extends the leg | quadriceps femoris |
Created by:
hdmoore1
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