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Chapter 6. Muscles

QuestionAnswer
Ability to shorten with force Contractility
Capacity to respond to a stimulus Excitability
the ability to recoil to original state Elasticity
surrounded by connective tissue/skeletal muscle Epimysium
ability to be stretched Extensibility
located outside the epimysium Fascia
Threadlike structed that extends from one end to another Myofibrils
Single muscle cells Muscle fibers
surrounded by connective tissue/ fiber Endomysium
thin myofilaments Actin
Thich myofilaments Myosin
form the myofibril from actin and myosin Sarcomeres
Z-line attachment side for actin
I-Band Consist of actin
A-band Extends the length of myosin
H-zone consist of only myosin
M-line Myosin myofilaments are anchored here
When a muscle cell is stimulated Action potential
Nerve cells that carry action potential Motor neurons
Axons center the muscle and branch form Neuromuscular junction
Single motor neuron and all it innervates Motor unit
Enlarged nerve terminal Presynaptic terminal
space between presynaptic terminal Synaptic cleft
Muscle fiber in synaptic cleft Postsynaptic terminal
Presynaptic terminal contains Synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitter that is secreted from synaptic vesicles Acetylcholine
The enzyme that breakdown neuron and muscle cells acetylcholinesterase
The sliding of myofilaments during contraction Sliding filament mechanism
Contraction of muscle due to stimulus Muscle twitch
Fibers will not respond until the stimulus reaches a theshold
When the fibers will contract maximally All-or-none response
The time between a stimulus and beginning of contraction Lag phase
Time of contraction Contraction Phase
Time when muscle relaxes Relaxation Phase
Muscle remains contracted without relaxing Tetany
Increase in number of motor units activated called recruitment
Needed for muscle contraction ATP
Where is ATP produced mitochondria
What is created when ATP is degenrated ADP
High-energy molecule stored in muscles Creatine Phosphate
Without oxygen Anaerobic respiration
With oxygen Aerobic respiration
The amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid to glucose Oxygen Debt
When ATP is being used faster than it can produce Muscle fatigue
Length of muscle doesn't change, But tension does Isometric
Tension in muscle is constant, while muscle length changes Isotonic
Constant tension over time Muscle tone
Fibers that contract quickly but fatigue quicker Fast-twitch muscle fibers
Contract slower but are more efficient Slow-twitch muscle fibers
Points of attachment for each muscle origin and insertion
Attachment point for muscle to the bone Tendon
Most stationary end of the muscle origin(head)
end of muscle undergoing greatest movement Insertion
Portion of muscle between origin and insertion belly
Some muscles have multiply origins
Muscles that worth together Synergist
Muscle that work in opposition to each other Antagonist
Muscles that play a major role in the desired movement Prime mover
Muscle that raises the eyebrow Occipitofrontailis
Smiling muscles Zygomaticus
Sneering levator labii superioris
Mastication has 2 pair of what Pterygoids
Lateral neck and prime mover Sternocleidomastoid
Group of muscles on each side of the back responsible for the back to be straight Erector Spinae
Elevate the ribs during inspiration External intercostals
contract during forced expiration Internal Intercostals
Dome-shaped muscle accomplishes quiet breathing called diaphrahm
Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall Abdominal wall muscles
The tendinous area of the abdominal wall is called linea alba,
On each side of linea alba is Rectus abdominis muscle
The arm is attached to the thorax by pectoralis major and lattimus dorsi muscle
Adducts and flexes the arm Pectoralis major
19 Hand muscles called intrinsic hand muscles
buttocks Gluteus maximus
Extends the leg quadriceps femoris
Created by: hdmoore1
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