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Blood & Cardio
BUS 116 Blood & Cardiovascular Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Leukocytes (White cells) | Primary function is to fight against infection |
| Erythrocytes (Red cells) | Primary function is to carry oxygen to the cells and to carry carbon dioxide away from the cells |
| Eosinophils | Stain red; Increase in number in an allergic reaction |
| Basophils | Stain blue; Contain heparin and histamine to reduce blood clots and involvement in allergic reactions |
| Neutrophils | Neutral; These cells are called phagocytes and ingest or destroy bacteria |
| Agranulocytes | Cells with no granules. Includes lymphocytes, monocytes, Platelets and thrombocytes |
| Type A Blood Cells | Recognizes itself by type A antigens, will attack any type B antigens that show up |
| Type B Blood Cells | Recognizes itself by type B antigens, will attack any type A antigens that show up |
| Type AB Blood Cells | Recognizes itself by both type A and B antigens, does not have any antibodies. Universal Recipient |
| Type O Blood Cells | Does not have type A or B antigens to recognize itself. Universal Donor |
| Anemia | Reduction in erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood |
| Polycythemia vera | Opposite of anemia; There is an increase in the number of red cells which results in too many blood cells and the blood gets too thick |
| Hemophilia | A reduction in the plasma clotting factor, resulting in a longer bleeding time |
| Mononucleosis | An increase in the number of lymphocytes caused by the Epstein Barr virus. Known as the "kissing disease" |
| Multiple myeloma | A malignant tumor of the bone marrow |
| Bleeding time | Time taken for blood to stop flowing from puncture wound |
| Complete blood count (CBC) | Measures the number of blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and red cell values |
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) | Time it takes erythrocytes to settle out of plasma; rate increases with infections |
| Hematocrit (Hct) | Percent of erythrocytes in volume of blood |
| Hemoglobin (Hgb) | Total amount of hemoglobin in the blood |
| Prothrombin time (PT) & Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) | Tests the ability of the blood to clot |
| RBC | Red Blood Count |
| WBC | White Blood Count |
| BP | Blood Pressure |
| DVT | Deep Vein Thrombosis |
| Arteries | Large elastic vessels which lead directly from the heart carrying oxygen rich blood |
| Arterioles | Smaller vessels branched off of arteries |
| Capillaries | Even smaller vessels that branch off of arterioles |
| Capillary Walls | Site of gas exchange; Oxygen and nutrients leave the blood and go into the cells and waste products, such as carbon dioxide, leave the cells and go into the blood |
| Venules | After gas exchange, blood travels back to the heart through slightly larger vessels of capillaries |
| Veins; Vena Cava | After traveling through venules, de-oxygenated blood travels through larger vessel called ____ to the ___ and then back to the heart |
| Systemic Circulation | Transports blood throughout the body except for the lungs |
| Pulmonary Circulation | Transports blood to the lungs and back to the heart |
| Mediastinum | Area in the chest between the two lungs |
| Endocardium | Smooth inside lining that keeps blood flow unobstructed |
| Myocardium | Responsible for pumping the blood through and out of the heart |
| Pericardium | Fluid filled bag around the heart which acts as a shock absorber and makes sure that the heart can move unobstructed |
| Atria | Top two chambers in the heart, left & right |
| Ventricles | Bottom two chambers in the heart, left & right |
Created by:
Harding
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