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Unit 5 ~test~
Unit 5 study guide (Ch.9-11) New Deal - WWII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trickle-down Economics | Economic theory that holds that money lent to banks and businesses will trickle down to consumers |
| Pump Priming | Deficit spending; putting people to work puts money in the hands of consumers, who in turn buy goods and stimulate the economy |
| Sit-Down Strike | workers refuse to leave the workplace until a settlement is reached |
| Court Packing | FDR’s attempt to add new justices to Supreme Court in hopes that they would support his plans for New Deal |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) | United States federal law of the New Deal era designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses. The government bought livestock for slaughter and paid farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land |
| Civilian Conservation Corporation (CCC) | a work relief program that gave millions of young men employment on environmental projects |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | provide deposit insurance to depositors in U.S. depository institutions, the other being the National Credit Union Administration, which regulates and insures credit unions. |
| “Europe First” Strategy | United States and the United Kingdom would use the preponderance of their resources to subdue Nazi Germany in Europe first |
| Island Hopping | military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against the Empire of Japan and the Axis powers during World War II |
| Tuskegee Airmen | bypass heavily fortified enemy islands |
| WAC | women's branch of the United States Army |
| Blitzkrieg | method of warfare where the attacker spearheads an offensive using a rapid overwhelming force concentration that may consist of armoured and motorised or mechanised infantry formations |
| Tripartite Pact | was an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 |
| Neutrality Act of 1939 | lifted the arms embargo and put all trade with belligerent nations under the terms of “cash-and-carry. |
| Totalitarianism | a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state. |
| Operation Overlord | codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II |
| United Nations | intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations |
| War Refugee Board | U.S. executive agency to aid civilian victims of the Axis powers |
| 442nd Regimental Combat Team | was an infantry regiment of the United States Army. The regiment is best known for its history as a fighting unit composed almost entirely of second-generation American soldiers of Japanese ancestry who fought in World War II. |
| Rationing | allow each person to have only a fixed amount. controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, services, or an artificial restriction of demand. |
| Genocide | the deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group |
| Holocaust | The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II |
| Joseph Stalin | Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician who ruled the Soviet Union from 1927 until 1953. He served as both General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union |
| Winston Churchill | british politician, statesman, army officer, and writer. He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. |
| Adolf Hitler | dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945 |
| Douglas MacArthur | American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army |
| Hideki Tojo | apanese politician and general of the Imperial Japanese Army who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association for most of World War II. |
| Philip Randolph | American labor unionist, civil rights activist, and socialist politician |
| Erwin Rommel | German general and military theorist. Popularly known as the Desert Fox, he served as field marshal in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | American political figure, diplomat and activist. She served as the First Lady of the United States from March 4, 1933, to April 12, 1945, during her husband President Franklin D. |
| Harry Truman | 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as the 34th vice president |
| J. Robert Oppenheimer | American theoretical physicist and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley |
| Benito Mussolini | Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party |
| George Patton | general in the United States Army who commanded the Seventh United States Army in the Mediterranean theater of World War II, and the United States Army Central in France and Germany after the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944 |
| Chester Nimitz | was a fleet admiral of the United States Navy. He played a major role in the naval history of World War II as Commander in Chief |
| Political party Germans turned to during the Great Depression? | political parties |
| What did Japan do to recover from the Great Depression? | fiscal, exchange rate, and monetary policies. ... in the form of a Grant-in-Aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education |
| What was the U.S. response to German aggression in the 1930s? | |
| What was the Neutrality Act of 1939? | tried to keep the United States out of war, by making it illegal for Americans to sell or transport arms, or other war materials to belligerent nations |
| What was the Atlantic Charter? | statement issued on 14 August 1941 that set out American and British goals for the world after the end of World War II |
| Why did FDR place an embargo on Japan in 1940? | The oil embargo was an especially strong response because oil was Japan's most crucial import, and more than 80% of Japan's oil at the time came from the United States |
| What was the purpose of the Office of War Mobilization? | an independent agency of the United States government formed during World War II to coordinate all government agencies involved in the war effort. |
| What was the effect of the Battle of Midway? | brought the Pacific naval forces of Japan and the United States to approximate parity and marked a turning point of the military struggle between the two countries. |
| What were the Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles? | a series of violent clashes during which mobs of U.S. servicemen, off-duty police officers and civilians brawled with young Latinos and other minorities in Los Angeles |
| What was Executive Order 9066? | initiating a controversial World War II policy with lasting consequences for Japanese Americans. The document ordered the removal of resident enemy aliens from parts of the West vaguely identified as military areas. |
| Why did Joseph Stalin want the Allies to open up a second front in Europe in 1943? | constantly pressured his allies to start a Second Front in the war which would relieve pressure on his forces in the east. |
| Truman’s decision – Atomic Bomb or Invasion. What were the details? | 1) continue conventional bombing of Japanese cities; 2) invade Japan; 3) demonstrate the bomb on an unpopulated island; or, 4) drop the bomb on an inhabited Japanese city. |
| What were the Nuremberg Laws? | antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935 |
| What country did MacArthur oversee after WWII? | Japan's |
| Why were Italy & Japan upset about the Treaty of Versailles after WWI? | Germany was unhappy because it lost WWI, and lost land and privilege's due to Treaty of Versailles. Italy was unhappy because they joined the Allies in WWI at the last minute, hoping to gain land after winning the war. |
| What dictator outlawed political parties in Italy in the 1930s? | Benito Mussolini |
| Why did the League of Nations not stop aggression by Germany, Italy & Japan in the 1930s? | The League of Nations was unable to stop aggression by Italy and Japan because the League did not have armed forces |
| What was the purpose of FDR’s “Four Freedoms Speech” | . Roosevelt's hope was to provide a rationale for why the United States should abandon the isolationist policies that emerged from World War I. |
| Who was winning WWII in 1940? | Germany |
| How did support for the Allis change after FDR was reelected in 1940? | Support increased; Congress approved the Lend-Lease Act. destroy ships and planes that threatened their expansion efforts. |
| Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor? | Reason #1: An Increased Need For Natural Resources. ... Reason #2: Restrictions. ... Reason #3: Expansion in the Pacific. |
| What did the U.S. do after Pearl Harbor? | Army Air Force launched B-25 bombers from the deck of the USS Hornet (something that was supposed to be impossible) and bombed Tokyo |
| What group was the highest in Hitler’s ethnic group hierarchy? | Aryans |
| What were the results of WWII? | The countries that fought with Hitler lost territory and had to pay reparations to the Allies . Germany and its capital Berlin were divided into four parts. |
| What was decided at the 1942 Wannsee Conference? | |
| What was the effect of the Battle of Stalingrad? | It put Hitler and the Axis powers on the defensive, and boosted Russian confidence as it continued to do battle on the Eastern Front in World War II |
| What was the effect of the Battle Kasserine Pass during WWII? | the capture of much-needed supplies, protection of the German-held coastal region to the east, and a possible forward staging area for the Luftwaffe to stage |
| What was the fate of the aircraft carriers during the Pearl Harbor attack? | |
| How did the war affect the U.S. economy? | American factories were retooled to produce goods to support the war effort and almost overnight the unemployment rate dropped to around 10%. |
| Who founded the Fascist Party? | Benito Mussolini |
| How did Allied bombing of Germany in 1942 change the war? | Allied strategic bombing of Germany in 1942 was limited in its effect, but it soon grew into a decisive war-winning operation against the Reich and contributed to the victory of 1945. |
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