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Orthopedic:Skel.Sys
Ch. 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Orthopedics | the medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the skeletal and muscular systems and uses laboratory and diagnostic procedures, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to |
| Avascular Necrosis | death of cells in the epiphysis of a long bone, often the femur |
| Bone tumors | Benign or Malignant |
| Osteochondroma | benign Osteo=(bone), Chon= (cartilage) ,Oma =(swelling) affects males < 25 yrs old *most common* benign tumor, a bony mass |
| Osteoma | benign affects ppl of middle age, affects facial bones associated with Gardner Syndrome |
| Osteoid Osteoma | benign found in males, long bones, nighttime pain *relieved by NSAIDS* |
| Osteoblastoma | benign identical to Osteoid Osteoma *not relieved by NSAIDS |
| Chondroma | benign found in the hands or feet |
| Giant Cell Tumor | benign 20-40 yr olds usually in the knees |
| Osteosarcoma | malignant found in young teenage boys, long bones, sunburst appearance associated with Retinoblastoma |
| Chondrosarcoma | malignant occurs in the medulla of the pelvis |
| Ewing Sarcoma | malignant occurs in white boys younger than 15 yrs old in the long bones, onion skin appearance, small blue cells that resemble lymphocytes |
| Diseases of the bone and cartilage | Chondromalacia patellae & Fracture |
| Chondromalacia | abnormal softening of the patella because of thinning and uneven wear |
| Fracture | broken bone due to an accident, injury, or disease process |
| Bone Fractures | Greenstick Fracture, Open Fracture, Colles Fracture, Compressed Fracture |
| Greenstick Fracture | a fracture that occurs in children when the bone only breaks on one side, it occurs when the bone bends and doesn't break completely |
| Open Fracture (compound fracture) | occurs when a broken bone breaks through the overlying skin |
| Colles Fracture | occurs when the distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand |
| Compressed Fracture | occurs when the cranium is fractured towards the brain |
| Diseases of the Bones & Cartilage (3 types) | Osteomalacia, Osteomyelitis, Osteoporosis |
| Osteomalacia | abnormal softening of the bones due to severe deficiency of vitamin D |
| Osteomyelitis | -infection in the bone and the bone marrow - infections can travel through the bloodstream or spreading from nearby tissues. |
| Osteoporosis | abnormal thinning of the bone structure |
| Diseases of the Vertebrae (3 types) | Ankylosing spondylitis, Ankylosing, Spondylitis |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of movement of the spine. |
| Ankylosing | Suffix: -osing condition of making CF: ankyl/o- fused together; stiff Condition of being fused together. |
| Spondylitis | suffix: -itis inflammation; infection of CF: spondyl/o- vertebrae Inflammation or infection of the vertebrae |
| Diseases of the Vertebrae (3 types) | Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis |
| Kyphosis (Humpback) | abnormal, excessive, posterior curvature of the thoracic spine |
| Lordosis (Swayback) | abnormal, excessive, anterior curvature of the lumbar spine |
| Scoliosis | abnormal, excessive C-shaped or S-shaped lateral curvature of the spine |
| Diseases of the Joints & Ligaments (5 types) | Arthralgia, Arthropathy, Gout, Hemarthrosis & Osteoarthritis |
| Arthralgia | pain in the joint from injury, inflammation, or infection from various causes |
| Arthropathy | disease of a joint from any cause |
| Gout | metabolic disorder with high levels of uric acid in the blood |
| Hemarthrosis | blood in the joint cavity from blunt trauma or a penetrating wound |
| Osteoarthritis | chronic inflammatory disease of the joints, particularly the large weight bearing joints and joints that move repeatedly; ~~~Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis: an autoimmune disease | -acute & chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue, particularly of the joints -usually hands, wrists and knees -symptoms are mirrored on both sides of the body -fatigue, weight loss & temperature are symptoms |
| Diseases of the Bony Thorax Pectus Excavatum | congenital deformity of the bony thorax in which the sternum, particularly the xiphoid process, is bent forward |
| Diseases of the Bones of the Limbs & Feet (4 types) | Genu valgum, Genu varum, Hallux valgus & Talipes equiovarus |
| Genu Valgum (knock knees) | congenital deformity in which the knees are rotated toward the midline and are abnormally close together and the lower legs are bent laterally |
| Genu Varum (bowleg) | congenital deformity in which the knees are rotated laterally away from each other and the lower legs are bent towards the midline |
| Hallux Valgus (bunion) | deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally towards the other toes |
| Talipes Equiovarus (clubfoot) | congenital deformity in which the foot is pulled downward and towards the midline |
| Diagnostic Tests (3 types) | Arthrography, Arthrogram & Bone Density Test |
| Arthrography | procedure that uses radiopaque contrast dye that is injected into a joint |
| Arthrogram | x-ray, CT, MRI image; picture of a joint |
| Bone Density Test | procedure that measures the bone density to detect osteoporosis |
| Medical & Surgical Procedures | Goniometry, Goniometer, Orthosis & Prosthesis |
| Goniometry (medical) | procedure in which a goniometer is used to measure the angle of a joint and its range of motion (ROM) |
| Goniometer (medical) | instrument used to measure an angle (of a joint) - measures range of motion |
| Orthosis (medical) | orthopedic device such as a brace, splint, or collar that is used to immobilize a body part and keep it straight or correct an orthopedic problem |
| Prosthesis (medical) | orthopedic device such as an artificial leg for a patient who has has an amputation of a limb |
| Amputation (surgical) | procedure to remove all or part of an extremity because of trauma, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes mellitus |
| Arthrocentesis (surgical) | procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space |
| Arthrodesis (surgical) | procedure to fuse together a joint |
| Arthroscopy (surgical) | procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize structures inside the joint |
| Arthroscope (surgical) | instrument used to examine a joint |
| Bone graft (surgical) (2 types) | procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractures with extensive bone loss or defects due to bone cancer. |
| Allograft | frozen or freeze-dried bone taken from a cadaver |
| Autograft | bone taken from the patient's own body |
| Joint placement therapy | procedure to replace a joint that has been destroyed by disease or osteoarthritis * also known as arthroplasty |
| Drug Categories (4 types) | Analgesic drugs, Bone Resorption drugs, Corticosteroids & Gold Compound drugs |
| Analgesic Drugs | medications used to treat pain, can be over-the-counter -ex. acetaminophen or aspirin suffix: -ic pertaining to Prefix: an- not; without CF: alges/o- sensation of pain MD: pertaining to without the sensation of pain |
| Bone Resorption Drugs | medications that inhibit osteoclasts from breaking down bone; used to prevent and treat osteoporosis |
| Corticosteroid | medications that decrease severe inflammation |
| Gold Compound Drugs | medications that inhibit the autoimmune response that attacks the joints and connective tissues in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| Abbreviations | AKA: Above the knee BKA: Below the knee DJD: Degenerative Joint Disease OA: Osteoarthritis ORIF: Open reduction and internal fixation ~ treats com. frac. RA: Rheumatoid Arthritis ROM: Range of Motion THR: Total Hip Replacement |
Created by:
Ash_Nic
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