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Med.Term C18 Vocab
Chabner, Language of Medicine 11th edition-Chapter 18 Vocabulary
| Vocabulary | Meaning |
|---|---|
| adrenal cortex | Outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones |
| adrenal medulla | Inner section of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| ovaries | Located in the lower abdomen of female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion |
| pancreas | Located behind the stomach |
| parathyroid glands | Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland |
| pituitary gland (hypophysis) | Located at the base of brain in the sella turcica |
| testes | Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion |
| thyroid gland | Located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin |
| adrenaline (epinephrine) | Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure |
| Adrenocortico-tropic hormone (ACTH) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal cortex |
| Aldosterone | Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt reabsorption |
| androgen | Male hormone secreted by the testes and adrenal cortex (to a lesser extent) |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by kidney |
| calcitonin | Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels |
| cortisol | Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar |
| epinephrine (adrenaline) | Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure |
| estradiol | Estrogen secreted by the ovaries |
| estrogen | Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and adrenal cortex (to lesser extent) |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by ovaries and sperm production by testes |
| glucagons | Secreted by alpha islet cells of pancreas; increases blood sugar |
| growth hormone (GH) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues; somatotropin |
| insulin | Secreted by beta islet cells of pancreas; helps glucose pass into cells and promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males |
| norepinephrine | Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure |
| oxytocin (OT) | Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of uterus during labor and childbirth |
| parathormone (PTH) | Secreted by parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium |
| progesterone | Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy |
| prolactin (PRL) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion |
| somatotropin (STH) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone |
| testosterone | Male hormone secreted by the testes |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes thyroid function; thyrotropin |
| thyroxine (T4) | Secreted by the thyroid gland; increases cell metabolism |
| triiodothyronine (T3) | Secreted by the thyroid gland; increases cell metabolism |
| vasopressin | Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone (ADH); raises water reabsorption and raises blood pressure |
| catecholamines | hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla |
| corticosteroids | Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex |
| electrolyte | Mineral salt found in blood and tissues |
| glucocorticoid | Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism |
| homeostasis | Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment |
| hormone | Substance secreted by an endocrine gland to influence structure or function of an organ or gland |
| hypothalamus | Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland |
| mineralocorticoid | Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body |
| receptor | Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited |
| sella turcica | Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland |
| sex hormones | Steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics |
| steroid | Complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made |
| Sympatho-mimetic | Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system |
| target tissue | Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
Mrs.Aitchison
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