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Hemat/Immun-ology
Ch. 6
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Hematology | study of the blood |
Hematopoiesis | process of the formation of the blood |
Electrolyte | elements that carry a positive or negative electrical charge |
Types of electrolytes | sodium potassium calcium |
Hyponatremia | low levels of sodium in the blood |
Hypernatremia | high levels of sodium in the blood |
Hypokalemia | low levels of potassium in the blood |
Hyperkalemia | high levels of potassium in the blood |
Hypocalcemia | low levels of calcium in the blood |
Hypercalcemia | high levels of calcium in the blood |
Red blood cells (RBC) | -Erythrocytes -contain protein -most numerous type of blood cells -round, flattened, red disk |
White blood cells (WBC) | -Leukocytes -5 types |
The 5 types of (WBC) | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, & Monocytes |
Neutrophils | engulf and destroy bacteria |
Eosinophils | release chemicals to destroy foreign cells |
Basophils | release histamine at the site of tissue injury, release heparin to limit the size of a forming blood clot |
Lymphocytes | produce antibodies, produce toxic granules to destroy cells infected with a virus |
Monocytes | engulf & destroy microorganisms, cancerous cells, dead leukocytes, and cellular debris |
Thrombocytes | -another name for platelet -active in the blood clotting process -after injury, they form clumps to decrease the loss of blood |
Megakaryocytes | large mature thrombocyte |
Thrombus | -blood clot - occurs in the circulatory system |
Coagulation | formation of a blood clot by platelets, erythrocytes, and clotting factors |
Hemostasis | the cessation (stopping) of bleeding |
Immunology | study of the immune system |
Diseases of the blood | hemorrhage, pancytopenia, septicemia |
Hemorrhage | excessive discharge of blood (internally or externally) |
Pancytopenia | condition of the deficiency of all cell (types) |
Septicemia | condition of infection in the blood |
Morphology | study of shape |
Anemia | condition of without blood, decrease in the number of erythrocytes |
Aplastic anemia | anemia caused by failure of the bone marrow to produce erythrocytes |
Macrocytic | pertaining to a large cells |
Microcytic | pertaining to a small cell |
Hypochromic | pale in color |
Hemolysis | process of destroying blood (cells) |
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | -retrovirus -severe infection caused by HIV virus -supresses the normal immune response and leaves the patient immunocompromised and defenseless against infection and cancer |
Leukemia | cancer of the leukocytes |
Mononucleosis | infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus |
Multiple Myeloma | cancer of the B cells that normally become plasma cells and produce antibodies |
Coagulopathy | any disease that affects the ability of the blood to clot normally |
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | a blood clot in one of the deep veins of the lower leg |
Thrombosis | process (of creating) a blood clot |
Hemophilia | inherited genetic abnormality that causes a lack or deficiency of a specific clotting factor |
Cervical Lymphadenopathy | enlarged lymph nodes in the neck |
Lymphedema | generalized swelling of an arm or leg |
Splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
Autoimmune | disease in which the body makes antibodies against its own tissues, causing pain and loss of function. ex. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus & Rheumatoid arthritis |
Complete Blood Count (CBC) | group of blood tests that are performed automatically by machine to determine the number, type, and characteristics of various cells in the blood. |
Hematocrit (HCT) | percentage of RBC's in the blood sample |
Coagulation | process of (blood) clotting |
Agglutination | process of clumping together |
Lymphangiography | process of recording the lymphatic system and blood vessels |
Lymphangiogram | picture or recording of the lymphatic system and blood vessels |
Bone marrow aspiration | procedure to remove red bone marrow from the posterior iliac crest of the hip bone |
Phlebotomy/Venipuncture | procedure for drawing a sample of venous blood into a vacuum tube. |
Vaccination | having a vaccine causing the body to produce antibodies and memory B cells specific to that pathogen |
Immunization | process of creating an immune response |
Blood transfusion | procedure in which whole blood, blood cells, or plasma is given intravenous transfusion |
Autologous | blood transfusion given from the own person's blood |
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) | procedure that harvest red bone marrow from a donor, then given intravenously to a patient |
Plasmapheresis | procedure in which plasma is separated from the blood cells |
Lymph node biopsy | procedure that uses a fine needle to aspirate (remove) tissue from the lymph node |
Splenectomy | surgical removal of the spleen |
Anticoagulant | medications that prevent blood clots from forming by inhibiting the clotting factors or by inhibiting vitamin K that is needed to make the clotting factors. |
Corticosteroids | anti-inflammatory meds that suppress the immune response and decrease inflammation |
Erythropoietin | medication that stimulates the red bone marrow to make erythrocytes |
Immunosuppressants | medications that suppress the immune response, preventing the rejection of a transplanted organ |
Thrombolytic enzymes | medications that breaks fibrin strands to dissolve a blood clot that has already formed |
CBC DVT EBV HCT RBC WBC | -complete blood count -deep vein thrombosis -epstein-barr virus -hematocrit -red blood cells -white blood cells |
Phlebotomist | allied health professionals who use venipuncture techniques to draw blood |