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Hemat/Immun-ology
Ch. 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hematology | study of the blood |
| Hematopoiesis | process of the formation of the blood |
| Electrolyte | elements that carry a positive or negative electrical charge |
| Types of electrolytes | sodium potassium calcium |
| Hyponatremia | low levels of sodium in the blood |
| Hypernatremia | high levels of sodium in the blood |
| Hypokalemia | low levels of potassium in the blood |
| Hyperkalemia | high levels of potassium in the blood |
| Hypocalcemia | low levels of calcium in the blood |
| Hypercalcemia | high levels of calcium in the blood |
| Red blood cells (RBC) | -Erythrocytes -contain protein -most numerous type of blood cells -round, flattened, red disk |
| White blood cells (WBC) | -Leukocytes -5 types |
| The 5 types of (WBC) | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, & Monocytes |
| Neutrophils | engulf and destroy bacteria |
| Eosinophils | release chemicals to destroy foreign cells |
| Basophils | release histamine at the site of tissue injury, release heparin to limit the size of a forming blood clot |
| Lymphocytes | produce antibodies, produce toxic granules to destroy cells infected with a virus |
| Monocytes | engulf & destroy microorganisms, cancerous cells, dead leukocytes, and cellular debris |
| Thrombocytes | -another name for platelet -active in the blood clotting process -after injury, they form clumps to decrease the loss of blood |
| Megakaryocytes | large mature thrombocyte |
| Thrombus | -blood clot - occurs in the circulatory system |
| Coagulation | formation of a blood clot by platelets, erythrocytes, and clotting factors |
| Hemostasis | the cessation (stopping) of bleeding |
| Immunology | study of the immune system |
| Diseases of the blood | hemorrhage, pancytopenia, septicemia |
| Hemorrhage | excessive discharge of blood (internally or externally) |
| Pancytopenia | condition of the deficiency of all cell (types) |
| Septicemia | condition of infection in the blood |
| Morphology | study of shape |
| Anemia | condition of without blood, decrease in the number of erythrocytes |
| Aplastic anemia | anemia caused by failure of the bone marrow to produce erythrocytes |
| Macrocytic | pertaining to a large cells |
| Microcytic | pertaining to a small cell |
| Hypochromic | pale in color |
| Hemolysis | process of destroying blood (cells) |
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | -retrovirus -severe infection caused by HIV virus -supresses the normal immune response and leaves the patient immunocompromised and defenseless against infection and cancer |
| Leukemia | cancer of the leukocytes |
| Mononucleosis | infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus |
| Multiple Myeloma | cancer of the B cells that normally become plasma cells and produce antibodies |
| Coagulopathy | any disease that affects the ability of the blood to clot normally |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | a blood clot in one of the deep veins of the lower leg |
| Thrombosis | process (of creating) a blood clot |
| Hemophilia | inherited genetic abnormality that causes a lack or deficiency of a specific clotting factor |
| Cervical Lymphadenopathy | enlarged lymph nodes in the neck |
| Lymphedema | generalized swelling of an arm or leg |
| Splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| Autoimmune | disease in which the body makes antibodies against its own tissues, causing pain and loss of function. ex. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus & Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | group of blood tests that are performed automatically by machine to determine the number, type, and characteristics of various cells in the blood. |
| Hematocrit (HCT) | percentage of RBC's in the blood sample |
| Coagulation | process of (blood) clotting |
| Agglutination | process of clumping together |
| Lymphangiography | process of recording the lymphatic system and blood vessels |
| Lymphangiogram | picture or recording of the lymphatic system and blood vessels |
| Bone marrow aspiration | procedure to remove red bone marrow from the posterior iliac crest of the hip bone |
| Phlebotomy/Venipuncture | procedure for drawing a sample of venous blood into a vacuum tube. |
| Vaccination | having a vaccine causing the body to produce antibodies and memory B cells specific to that pathogen |
| Immunization | process of creating an immune response |
| Blood transfusion | procedure in which whole blood, blood cells, or plasma is given intravenous transfusion |
| Autologous | blood transfusion given from the own person's blood |
| Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) | procedure that harvest red bone marrow from a donor, then given intravenously to a patient |
| Plasmapheresis | procedure in which plasma is separated from the blood cells |
| Lymph node biopsy | procedure that uses a fine needle to aspirate (remove) tissue from the lymph node |
| Splenectomy | surgical removal of the spleen |
| Anticoagulant | medications that prevent blood clots from forming by inhibiting the clotting factors or by inhibiting vitamin K that is needed to make the clotting factors. |
| Corticosteroids | anti-inflammatory meds that suppress the immune response and decrease inflammation |
| Erythropoietin | medication that stimulates the red bone marrow to make erythrocytes |
| Immunosuppressants | medications that suppress the immune response, preventing the rejection of a transplanted organ |
| Thrombolytic enzymes | medications that breaks fibrin strands to dissolve a blood clot that has already formed |
| CBC DVT EBV HCT RBC WBC | -complete blood count -deep vein thrombosis -epstein-barr virus -hematocrit -red blood cells -white blood cells |
| Phlebotomist | allied health professionals who use venipuncture techniques to draw blood |
Created by:
Ash_Nic
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