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Muscles
| Term | Location | Description/Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| orbicularis oculi (facial) | circular muscle around eye | closes eye; winking, blinking, squinting |
| levator palpebrae superioris (facial) | origin on boy orbit of eye; inserts on upper eyelid | elevates eyelid (opens eye) |
| orbicularis oris (facial) | encircles mouth | closes, purses lip; kissing muscle |
| buccinator (facial) | horizontal cheek muscle; origin on maxilla and mandible; inserts on orbicularis oris | flattens cheek; trumpeter's muscle; whistling; helps w/ chewing |
| zygomaticus (facial) | origin on cheekbone; inserts on corner of mouth | elevates corner of mouth; smiling muscle |
| platysma (facial) | origin in fascia of shoulder & anterior chest; inserts on mandible, angle of lower mouth | pouting muscle; 'open wide' muscle |
| temporalis (chewing) | flat fan-shaped muscle over temporal bone; inserts on mandible | closes and retracts jaw |
| masseter (chewing) | covers lateral part of lower jaw; origin on maxilla, zygomatic process of temporal bone; inserts on mandible | closes and retracts jaw |
| sternocleidomastoid (neck) | extends along each side of neck | contraction of both muscles flexes head at neck; contraction of one rotates head toward opposite side; flexes & rotates cervical vertebral column |
| trapezius (neck) | large, flat, trapezoid-shaped muscle on back of neck & upper back | hyperextends head so as to look at the sky; lateral flexion of head; helps maintain spine extension |
| scalenes (3) (neck) | origin on cervical vertebrae, insert on ribs 1 & 2 | act synergistically w/ sternocleidomastoid to flex neck |
| external intercostals | located between ribs (intercostal space) | breathing--enlarges thoracic cavity during inhale |
| internal intercostals | located between ribs (intercostal space) | breathing--decrease thoracic cavity in forced exhalation |
| Diaphragm | dome-shaped muscle that separates thoracic and abdominal cavities | breathing--chief muscle of inhalation, enlarges thoracic cavity |
| External oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis | as a group, muscles arranged vertically, horizontally, & obliquely to strengthen abdominal wall | as a group--compress abdomen to aid in urination/defecation/childbirth/forced expiration. Also flex & rotate vertebral column |
| erector spinae | extends length of vertebral column from cranium to sacrum | extends & laterally flexes vertebral column; rotates head; assista in maintenance of erect posture |
| Iliopsoas | origin on ilium and lumbar vertebrae; inserts on femur | flexes vertebral column; flexes & rotates thigh laterally; antagonist to gluteus maximus |
| Serratus anterior | forms upper sides of chest wall | lowers should and moves arm forward (as in pushing a cart) |
| pectoralis major | large muscle that covers upper anterior chest | adducts and medially rotates arm across chest; flexes and extends arm at shoulder |
| latissimus dorsi | large, broad, flat muscle on mid & lower back | adducts & rotates arm medially, behind the back (swimmer's muscle) |
| deltoid | thick muscle that covers shoulder joint | abducts arm as in 'scarecrow' pose; flexes, extends, and rotates arm at shoulder |
| rotator cuff muscles-- supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor | group of muscles that attach humerus (insertion) to scapula (origin); tendons form cuff over proximal humerus | adduct, extend, and rotate arm at shoulder; the "cuff" stabilizes shoulder joint |
| teres major | origin on scapula; inserts on humerus | extends and adducts arm at shoulder; medially rotates arm at shoulder |
| biceps brachii | major muscle on anterior surface of arm | flexes & supinates forearm at elbow, flexes arm at shoulder (making a muscle); acts synergistically w/ brachialis & brachioradialis |
| triceps brachii | origin on posterior surface of arm; inserts on ulna | extends forearm at elbow, extends arm at shoulder (boxer's muscle) |
| brachialis | origin on humerus; inserts on ulna | flexes forearm at elbow |
| brachioradialis | origin on humerus; inserts on radiu | flexes forearm at elbow |
| supinator | origin on humerus and ulna; inserts on radius | supinate forearm (palm turned up or facing out) |
| pronator teres | origin on humerus & ulna; inserts on radius | pronates forearm so that palm faces downward or backward |
| flexor & extensor carpi group | origin on humerus & ulna; inserts on tendon in wrist | flex & extend hand at wrist; adduct and abduct hand at wrist |
| flexor & extensor digitorum group | origin on humerus, ulna, & radius; inserts on phalanges (fingers) | flex & extend fingers; flex hand at wrist |
| gluteus maximus | largest/most superficial gluteal muscle; located on posterior surface of buttocks | forms buttocks; extends & rotates thigh laterally at hip; muscle for sitting & climbing stairs; produces backswing of leg while walking |
| gluteus medius | thick muscle partly behind & superior to gluteus maximus | abducts & rotates thigh medially at hip; common site of intramuscular injections |
| gluteus minimus | smallest and deepest of gluteal muscles | abducts & rotates thigh medially at hip |
| Tensor fasciae latae | located on lateral thigh | flexes and abducts thigh at hip |
| Adductor group: longus, brevis, magnus | as a group, located on anteromedial medial surface of thigh | adducts & medially rotates thigh; muscles used by horseback riders to stay on horse |
| gracilis | located along medial thigh | adducts & medially rotates thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee |
| Pectineus | located on medial thigh | adducts & flexes thigh at hip |
| Quadriceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius | located on anterior thigh; all insert on tibia. Rectus femoris origin on ilium, all others irigin on femur | group used to extend leg at knee (kicking); vastus lateralis is common site for intramuscular injections in children |
| Sartorius | long muscle that crosses obliquely over anterior thigh; origin on ilium; inserts on tibia | allows you to sit in crossed-leg position; flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee |
| Hamstrings-- biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus | located on posterior surface of thigh | as a group--flex leg at knee, extend thigh at hip; antagonistic to quadriceps femoris |
| Tibialis anterior | located on anterior leg, origin on tibia; inserts on tarsal and metatarsal bones | dorsiflexes and inverts foot |
| peroneus longus | lateral surface of leg; origin on fibula and tibia; inserts on metatarsal and tarsal bones | plantar flexion and eversion of foot; supports arch |
| gastrocnemius | posterior surface of leg; large two-headed muscle that forms calf; origin on femur; inserts on calcaneus (heel bone) by way of Achilles (calcaneal) tendon | plantar flexion foot; toe dancer muscle; flexes leg at knee |
| Soleus | posterior surface of leg | plantar flexion of foot |
| frontalis (facial) | flat muscle covering forehead | raise eyebrows, surprised look; wrinkles forehead |
Created by:
laurelSM
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