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Amparo C Martinez
Anatomy week 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The chest is ________ to the abdomen. superior lateral anterior proximal deep | SUPERIOR |
| Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? developmental anatomy surface anatomy regional anatomy pathological anatomy | DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY |
| Physiology is defined as the study of the ____ of a living organism. function diseases structure growth | FUNCTION |
| A frontal plane is the same as a _______ plane. saggital transverse midsaggital coronal | CORONAL |
| As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to ? part of the lower limb the breast the wrist the infero-medial aspect of the back | THE INFERO-MEDIAL ASPECT OF THE BACK |
| The space that encloses the brain and spinal cord forms one continuous cavity called the ______ cavity. thoracic dorsal ventral posterior anterior | DORSAL |
| All of the following are characteristics of human life except? growth responsiveness reproduction synthesis by scientist | SYNTHESIS BY SCIENTIST |
| The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the _______ plane. saggital transverse coronal midsaggital | CORONAL |
| Another name for the midsagittal plane is ? oblique median coronal parasagittal | MEDIAN |
| Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity? heart spinal cord liver urinary bladder | SPINAL CORD |
| Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant? appendix stomach spleen gallbladder | GALLBLADDER |
| ______ refers to an inner region of an organ, whereas________ refers to an outer region or layer of an organ. Medullary; apical Cortical: medullary Medullary: cortical Apical; basal | MEDULLARY; CORTICAL |
| Regarding directional terms, superior means? front back toward the head toward the feet | TOWARD THE HEAD |
| The sternal region is _______ to the scapular region. superior lateral anterior proximal deep | ANTERIOR |
| A coronal section through the human body can provide mirror right and left images. lie in a horizontal plane pass through both ears pass through both the nose and the occipital region | PASS THROUGH BOTH EARS |
| The gluteal region is _____ to the popliteal region. superior lateral anterior proximal deep | SUPERIOR |
| The knee is ____ to the foot. superior lateral anterior proximal deep | PROXIMAL |
| The ______ system is involved in immunity. | |
| An example of a tissue in the body is? a muscle cell epithelium the stomach a macromolecule | EPITHELIUM |
| The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a spinal cavity. True False | TRUE |
| Muscles are _____ to the skin. superior lateral anterior proximal deep | DEEP |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are ventral and dorsal axial and appendicular anterior and posterior thoracic and abdominopelvic | AXIAL AND APPENDICULAR |
| The inguinal region lies on the external genital where the thigh joins the trunk anterior to the elbow joint on the anterior neck | WHERE THE THIGH JOINS THE TRUNK |
| Anatomy is defined as the study of the ______ of a living organism function diseases structure growth | STRUCTURE |
| The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the _____ cavities. thoracic and pelvic abdominal and pelvic thoracic and abdominal dorsal and abdominal | ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC |
| The brain is ______ to the skull. superior lateral anterior proximal deep | DEEP |
| The atomic number tells you the number of protonis in the nucleus number of neutrons in the nucleus number of electrons weight of the atom | NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS |
| Electrolytes are: organic compounds called cations if they have a negative charge called cations if they have a positive charge both A and B | CALLED CATIONS IF THEY HAVE A POSITIVE CHARGE |
| Which subatomic particles carry a charge? Protons and Neurons Neurons and electrons Protons and electrons Neutrons only | PROTONS AND ELECTRONS |
| Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: sharing of electrons between molecules donation of protons from one atom to another transfer of electrons from one atom to another acceptance of neutrons from one atom by another | TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER. |
| The most abundant element essential to life is carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen | CARBON |
| Which term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells? catabolism anabolism metabolism morphism | METABOLISM |
| Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called: ionic covalent hydrogen isotopic | COVALENT |
| A weak acid: dissociates very little in solution dissociates almost completely in solution will cause the pH of the solution to rise above 7 does both B and C | DISSOCIATES VERY LITTLE IN SOLUTION |
| A force holding two atoms together is a(n) isotope chemical bond energy shell isomer | CHEMICAL BOND |
| The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n) _____ reaction. synthesis decompisitIon exchange All of the above reactions are equally likely to require energy | SYNTHESIS |
| An atom can be described as chemically iner if its outermost electron shell contains ________ electrons. eight nine two Both and C are correct | EIGHT |
| Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share edlectrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the atomic rule octet rule electrovalent principle tertiary rule | OCTET RULE |
| Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be nonpolar polar covalent ionic | POLAR |
| The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains: four protons and four neutrons eight protons eight neutrons four protons and four electrons | EIGHT PROTONS |
| Which of the following is not a subatomic particle? Proton Electron Radon Neutron | RADON |
| The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be liquid solvent neutralized polar | POLAR |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: hydrogen bond synthesis reaction decomposition reaction None of the above is correct | SYNTHESIS REACTION |
| The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body? 50% 69% 78% 96% | 96% |
| Hydrolysis_______ a water molecule. joins compounds by removing breaks down compounds by removing joins compounds by adding breaks down compounds by adding | BREAKS DOWN COMPOUNDS BY ADDING |
| Salts: can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases are electrolytes will form crystal if the water is removed all of the above are correct | ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE CORRECT |
| What decomposition reaction requires the addition of a water molecule to break a bond? dehydration synthesis hydrolysis catalysis disulfide linkage | HYDROLYSIS |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) _____ bond. ionic hydrogen covalent none of the above | COVALENT |
| As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into small subunits? hydrolysis dehydration synthesis anabolism exchange reaction | HYDROLYSIS |
| An elelment that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is called a (n) ion isomer isotope bond | ISOTOPE |
| The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of: neutrons orbiting the atom protons plus the number of neutrons in its nucleus protons in its nucleus ions in its nucleus | PROTONS IN ITS NUCLEUS |
| A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called a(n) atom element compound isotope | ELEMENT |
| Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances? exchange reaction synthesis reaction reversible reaction decompisition reaction | DECOMPISTION REACTION |
| Acids, bases, and salts belong to a large group of compounds called polar molecules organic compounds electrolytes nonelectrolytes | ELECTROLYTES |
| As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH -) increases , the: solution becomes more basic solution becomes more acidic pH rises both A and C are correct | BOTH A AND C ARE CORRECT |
| For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must: gain an electron gain a proton lose an electron lose a proton | LOSE AN ELECTRON |
| A molecule that is polar: can form a hydrogen bond must be ionic has an unequal charge is both A and C | IS BOTH A AND C |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes ______, and the solution becomes more _____. down; acidic down; alkaline up; acidic up; alkaline | DOWN; ACIDIC |
| Acids release hydrogen ions have a pH above 7 take up hydroxyl ions release hydrogen ions and have a pH above 7 | RELEASE HYDROGEN IONS |
| The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the: mitochondria proteasomes peroxisomes lysosomes | PEROXISOMES |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: microfilaments chromatin nucleotides microtubules | CHROMATIN |
| Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? Nucleolus Ribosome Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus | GOLGI APPARATUS |
| The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are: ribosome lysosome peroxisome both B and C | BOTH B AND C |
| Which of the following does not describe a structure or function of the proteasome? Breaking down abnormal and misfolded proteins released from the ER Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits Requires the small protein called ubi | ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE STRUCTURES OR FUNCTIONS OF PROTEASOMES |
| Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called: mitochondria caveolae cisternae vesicles | CAVEOLAE |
| The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into fold called cristae? Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome | MITOCHONDRION |
| Which of the following is not a funtion of the integral membrane proteins? Acting as receptors Signal transduction Identification of "self" All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins. | ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS |
| A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the: flagellum cilium microvillus microtubule | FLAGELLUM |
| Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? Peroxisomes Mitochondria Ribosomes Proteasomes | PROTEASOMES |
| The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called: Microvilli flagella cilia all cell extensions contain microfilaments | MICROVILLI |
| DNA is a mojor contituent of which cell organelle? Lysosome Ribosome Chromosome Nucleus | NUCLEUS |
| The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily? Cholesterol Protein Phospholipids Glycoproteins | CHOLESTEROL |
| The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the: receptor proteins glycoproteins rafts in the cell membrane phospholipid bilayer | PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER |
| Whic organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus? Mitochondria Cilia Peroxisomes Lysosomes | LYSOSOMES |
| The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: cilia flagella microvilli desmosomes | MICROVILLI |
| The nucleoulus is composed chiefly of: mRNA rRNA tRNA DNA | rRNA |
| Which of the following is not true about ribosomes? Contain protein Composed of a large unit and a small unit Surrounded by a membrane structure Contain RNA | SURROUNDED BY A MEMBRANE STRUCTURE |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: gap junctions desmosomes tight junctions adhesions | DESMOSOMES |
| Which cell fiber serves as part of our "cellular muscles?" Centrosome Microfilament Microtubule Intermediate filament | MICROFILAMENT |
| Projections from the cell that move material and mucus are called: cilia flagella microvilli microtubules | CILIA |
| ATP production occurs within which organelle? Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Flagellum Mitochondrion | MITOCHONDRION |
| The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: Golgi apparatus plasma membrane cytoplasm centrosome | PLASMA MEMBRANE |
| The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the: lysosome Golgi apparatus ribosome centriole | LYSOSOME |
| Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function? Help organize the various components of the plasma membrane Play an important role in the pinching of a parent cell into two daughter cells Sometimes allow the cell to for depre | ALL OF THESE ARE FUNCTIONS OF RAFTS |
| Main cell structures include all of the following except: organelles plasma membrane interstitial fluid dytoplasm | INTERSTITIAL FLUID |
| The ________ is often called the microtubule organizing center. cetntrosome cytoskeleton centriole ribosome | CENTROSOME |
| In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: faces the exterior of the cell faces the interior of the cell is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer both A and B | BOTH A AND B |
| Which of the following recognize and destroy non-self cells? Gland cells Immune cells Nerve cells Red blood cells | IMMUNE CELLS |
| A list of the cell fibers from larges to smallest would read? microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments. microtubules, microfilaments, intermediated filaments. microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules. microfilaments, microtub | MICROTUBULES, INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS, MICROFILAMENTS |
| Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle? | RIBOSOME |
| Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? Provides a site for ribosome attachment Supplies membrane for use throughout the cell Makes steroid hormones makes glycoproteins | PROVIDES A SITE FOR RIBOSOME ATTACHMENT |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150um, is a: white blood cell female sex cell or ovum liver cell male sex cell or sperm | FEMALE SEX CELL OR OVUM |
| Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and function in the kidney to monitor urine flow? Microvilli Primary cilium Cilia Flagella | PRIMARY CILIUM |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: cholesterol molecules phospholipid molecules glycoprotein molecules channel proteins | GLYCOPROTEIN MOLECULES |
| Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? nervous connective epithelial muscle | EPITHELIAL |
| Adipose tissue is a storage tissue a muscle tissue held together by cartialage an epithelial tissue | A STORAGE TISSUE |
| The basic determinant of skin color is keratin mucus melanin tyrosine | MELANIN |
| The tip of the nose and the esternal eare are composed of adipose tissue epithelium hyaline cartilage elastic cartilage | ELASTIC CARTILAGE |
| The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the connector dendrite axon neuron | NEURON |
| A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called mucus matrix plasma collagen | MUCUS |
| The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and superficial subcutaneous epidermis hypodermis | EPIDERMIS |
| Which of the following tissues lacks a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly? bone muscle adipose cartilage | CARTILAGE |
| Which of the following contains osteocytes? striated muscle smooth muschle bone blood | BONE |
| Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue? cardiac epithelial nervous connective muscle | CARDIAC |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called extracellular matrix intracellular matrix intercellular matrix tissue matrix | EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX |
| All glands in the body can be classified as either exocrine or holocrine endocrine or holocrine exocrine or endocrine endocrine or apocrine | EXOCRINE AND ENDOCRINE |
| Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue? cardiac blood adipose cartilage | CARDIAC |
| Each hair follicle has a small bundle or incoluntary muscles attached to it called the smooths muscle layer microvilli arrector pili muscle dermal papillae | ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE |
| The skin glands include three kinds of microsopic glands. They are the ______ glands. sweat, eccrine, and sebaceous sweat, sebacious, and ceruminous sweat, eccrine, and ceruminous sebaceous, eccrine, and cerumionus | SWEAT, SEBACEOUS, AND CERUMIONOUS |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is connective epithelial muscle nerve | CONNECTIVE |
| The two major categories of body membranes are epithelial and connective epithelial and glandular connective and glandular serous and scutaneous | EPITHELIAL AND CONNECTIVE |
| The connecti e tissue membranes that line the spaces between ones and joints are called _____membranes. mucous cutaneous serous synovial | SYNOVIAL |
| The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is hyaline fibrocartilage elastic chondrocytes | FIBROCARTILAGE |
| Which of the following contains intercalated disks? smooth muscle striated muscle cardiac muscle blood | CARDIAC MUSCLE |
| Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? stratum basale stratum lucidum stratum corneum stratum grandlosum stratum spinosum | STRATUM CORNEUM |
| Besides water, extracellular matric contains proteins and lipids ;ipids and carbohydrates carbohydrates and proteoglycans proteins and proteoglycans | PROTEINS AND PROTEOGLYCANS |
| The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick ______ layer. reticular epidermal muscle connective tissue | RETICULAR |
| Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the epidermis dermis subcutaneous layer loose connective tissue layer | EPIDERMIS |
| Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules? simple squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium pseudostratified columnar epithelium | SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM |
| Which of the following is not a primary germ layer? endoderm ectoderm mesoderm epiderm | EPIDERM |
| Of them many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant? elastin collagen reticular adipose | COLLAGEN |
| The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the hypodermis hyperdermis cleavage line dermal papillae | HYPODERMIS |
| Which of the follwoing is an example of a serous membrane? pleura peritoneum pericardium All of these are examples of a serous membrane | ALL OF THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF A SEROUS MEMBRANE |
| The mised secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the sebum keratin melanin cerumen | CERUMEN |
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amparo.martinez
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