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Ch 19
Cardiovascular System (Heart)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The three main components of the cardiovascular system are _______, blood vessels and the _______ | blood; heart |
| The function of the cardiovascular system to maintain adequate__________ of all body tissues | perfusion |
| True or False: All arteries carry oxygenated blood | False |
| A common error is to describe arteries as the vessels that always transport __________ blood instead of describing it as a vessel that takes blood ___________ from the heart | oxygenated; away |
| The _________ of the heart receive blood and the ________ pump blood to the lungs and body tissues | atria; ventricles |
| The ______________ ___________ carries blood away from the right ventricle and branches into the pulmonary arteries | pulmonary trunk |
| The pulmonary circulation includes the movement of blood to and from the __________ for gas exchange | lungs |
| The systemic circulation includes movement of ____________ blood through the left side of the heart | oxygenated |
| The _______________ system is responsible for transport of the blood in the body | circulatory |
| The delivery of blood per unit time per gram of tissue is called ___________ | perfusion |
| The two basic types of blood vessels are ____________, which carry blood away from the heart, and ___________ which carry blood toward the heart | arteries/veins |
| Which options are part of the cardiac muscle cells? -Myofibrils -Fasciculi -T tubules -Sarcolemma | Myofibrils, T tubules, Sarcolemma |
| Atrial contraction causes which to occur? -Causes Closure of the semi lunar veins -Compresses the openings of the great veins -Pushes blood into ventricles | Compresses the openings of the great veins Pushes blood into ventricles |
| The __________ atrium and ventricle are prominent when viewing the heart from the posterior view | Left |
| Cardiac output is defined as the amount of blood pumped by one _________ and expressed as liters per minute | Ventricle |
| An agent that causes an increase in stroke volume is known as a ___________ _____________ agent. | positive inotropic |
| Afterload is fairly constant in healthy individuals but can increase and cause heart problems when a patient has disease that cause narrowing or __________ of the arteries | stiffening |
| When heart rate and stroke volume increase, cardiac output _______. | increases |
| _________ __________ is a measure of how effective the cardiovascular system is in fulfilling its function in transporting life supporting substances through the body | Cardiac output |
| The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute is defined as ____________ __________ | Cardiac output |
| Cardiac output is determined by ___________ ___________ and heart rate | stroke volume |
| A trained male athlete has a larger heart than a woman who does not exercise so we would expect his heart rate to be ________. | Lower |
| Cardiac reserve is an increase in cardiac output above its level at rest. Therefore a trained athlete would be expected to have ________ compared to a non-athlete. | A greater ability to increase the cardiac output |
| A __________ ____________ agent is one that results in an increase in the heart rate | positive chronotropic |
| The __________ _________ agents decrease heart rate by causing hyperpolarization of the cell membrane potential | negative chronotropic |
| The __________ reflex protects the heart from overfilling | atrial |
| Stroke volume (SV) in a healthy adult is approximately ________ | 70 mL |
| An increase in venous return can cause | an increase in stroke volume an increase in end diastolic volume an increase in preload |
| ____________ Law explains the relationship between venous return and stretch of the walls of the hearts (preload). | Frank-Starling |
| Factors that result in an increase in venous return include _________ and a decreased heart rate | exercise |
| True or False: Increasing systemic blood pressure would increase afterload | True |
| During diastole, the myocardium of a chamber ___________, and the chamber fills with blood | Relaxes |
| The contraction of a heart chamber is called _____________ | Systole |
| Toward the end of ventricular filling, the left and right ______________ contract simultaneously | Atria |
| The atria are relaxed during atrial __________ the ventricles are contracting during ventricular __________. | diastole; systole |
| During the cardiac cycle, blood flows from veins into the atria under __________. | low pressure |
| When ventricular pressure rises significantly, the AV valves ________, and the semilunar valves are forced _______ due to increased pressure in the ventricles, allowing blood to enter the large arterial trunks | close; open |
| When the ventricles contract, the _________ close as blood pushes against the cusps of the AV valves, and their edges meet to form a seal. | Atrioventricular valves |
| During _________ contraction, _________ valves are open | Atrial; AV |
| When the ventricles contract, the _________ valves are forced open, and blood enters the pulmonary trunk and the aorta | Semilunar |
| Passive filling of the ventricles through the open ___________ valves occurs at the beginning of the cardiac cycle while the ventricles are in ________ | Atrioventricular; diastole |
| Which event occur during atrial contraction and ventricular filling phase of the cardiac cycle? Blood flow into the atria from the veins is restricted The ventricles have reached ESV SA node initiates atrial contraction The ventricles have reached EDV | Blood flow into the atria from the veins is restricted SA node initiates atrial contraction The ventricles have reached their EDV |
| Atrial contraction causes which to occur? Compresses the openings of the great veins Pushes blood into ventricles Causes closure of the semilunar valves | Compresses the openings of the great veins Pushes blood into ventricles |
| ______________ contraction is the beginning of the ventricular contraction | Isovolumetric |
| The __________ contraction phase of the cardiac cycle includes closure of the AV and semilunar valves even though the purkinje fibers have initiated ___________ contraction | Isovolumetric; ventricular |
| The amount of blood that leaves the heart during the ventricular contraction is called the ______ _________ | Stroke volume |
| During ventricular __________, pressure on blood in the ventricles forces the semilunar valves to open, and blood is ejected into the arterial trunks | contraction |
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