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Ch 4 Organization
Directions, Planes, Cavities, Regions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Superior | Above, towards the head |
| Inferior | Toward the lower part of the body |
| Posterior | Toward the back of the body |
| Anterior | Toward the front of the body |
| Medial | Toward the midline of the body |
| Lateral | Away from the midline of the body |
| Proximal | closer to the origin of the body part- used for the appendicular system |
| Distal | farther away from the origin of a body part/midline- used for the appendicular system |
| Superficial | toward or at the body surface |
| Ventral | front (belly side) aka anterior |
| Dorsal | back of body/organ aka posterior |
| Cephalic | toward the back of the head |
| Caudal caud/o | toward lower part of body/tail |
| Coronal/Frontal Plane | divides body into front and back (anterior/posterior) |
| Transverse/Horizontal Plane | line that divides the body into upper (superior)and lower (inferior) sections |
| Midsagittal Plane | divides the body into EQUAL right and left sides |
| Abdominal Cavity | Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs |
| Thoracic Cavity | chest region that contains the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, and major vessels |
| Pelvic Cavity | Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum |
| Cranial Cavity | contains the brain |
| Spinal Cavity | Contains the spinal cord |
| Abdominopelvic Cavity | both the pelvic and abdominal cavities |
| Regions of the abdominopelvic cavity | Rt & Lt hypochondriac, epigastric, hypogastric, umbilical, Rt & Lt iliac, lumbar |
| Quadrants of the abdomen | RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ |
| RUQ | Contains the Liver, gallbladder, appendix, part pancreas, part small and large intestines |
| LUQ | contains the liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines |
| RLQ | contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter |
| LLQ | contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter |
| Anatomical Position | The position is defined as if the body is standing erect head facing forward, eyes open and looking directly forwards and mouth closed. The arms are by the sides , the palms are facing forward |
| Hist/o | tissue (histology) |
| Brachi/o Brach/i | arm |
| Bucc/o | cheek |
| ot/o aur/i | ear |
| or/o | mouth |
| cyt/o | cell |
| crani/o | skull |
| cephal/o | head |
| cervic/o | neck |
| Sagittal | Divided into right and left |
| gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| chromosome | A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. |
| Visceral | pertaining to the internal organs |
| Inguinal | Groin |
| Levels of organization | atoms, molecules, cell, stem cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| epithelial tissue | A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out. |
| functions of epithelial tissue | protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, diffusion |
| Connective Tissue | A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts. Support network |
| Nerve tissue | a body tissue that carries messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body |
| Muscle tissue | 3 types |
| Skeletal Muscle Tissue | Voluntary muscle, Anchors to bone via tendons. Locomotion and posture |
| Smooth Muscle | Involuntary muscle. In walls of organs. Under control of autonomic nervous system |
| Cardiac Muscle | Involuntary. Found only in the heart. Under control of autonomic nervous system |
| cost/o | ribs |
| OTC | over the counter |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| ADE | adverse drug event |
| Generic drug name | the drug's official name. usually lower in cost |
| Brand/Trade drug name | a drug with a registered name or trademark. aka trade name |
| medical order | a written order by a health professional for a medication to be dispensed by a pharmacy for administration to a patient.. Dosage, form of drug, ROA and frequency of administration |
| dosage | Amount and frequency and form (liquid, capsule,tablet, etc) of a medicinal drug that may be taken safely |
| ROA | routes of administration. By mouth, injection, into eyes, ears, nostrils, rectum, vagina |
| Pelvic cavity | the space formed by the hip bones; contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems |
| Abdominal Cavity | Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs |
| cells | The basic building blocks for the various structures that together make up a human being |
Created by:
MsGoosherst
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