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Med. Term
Chabner, Language of Medicine 11th edition-Chapter 05 Vocabulary Words
| Vocabulary | Meaning |
|---|---|
| absorption | Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream |
| amino acids | Small building blocks of proteins; released when proteins are digested |
| amylase | Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch |
| anus | Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of body |
| appendix | Blind pouch hanging from the cecum |
| bile | Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; breaks up large fat globules; composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts |
| bilirubin | Pigment released by the liver in bile |
| bowel | Intestine |
| canine teeth | Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; also called cuspids or eyeteeth |
| cecum | First part of the large intestine |
| colon | Consists of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments |
| common bile duct | Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum; also called the choledochus |
| defecation | Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus |
| deglutition | Swallowing |
| dentin | Primary material found in teeth; covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root |
| digestion | Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms |
| duodenum | First part of the small intestine; measures 12 inches long |
| elimination | Act of removal of materials from the body |
| emulsification | Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules |
| enamel | Hard, outermost layer of a tooth |
| enzyme | Chemical that speeds up reactions between substances; enzyme names end in –ase |
| esophagus | Tube connecting the throat to the stomach |
| fatty acids | Substances produced when fats are digested; a category of lipids |
| feces | Solid wastes; stool |
| gallbladder | Small sac under the liver; stores bile |
| glucose | Simple sugar |
| glycogen | Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells |
| hydrochloric acid | Substance produced in the stomach; necessary for digestion of food |
| ileum | Third part of the small intestine |
| incisor | One of four front teeth in the dental arch |
| insulin | Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver |
| jejunum | Second part of the small intestine |
| lipase | Pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats |
| liver | Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out RBCs; filters out toxins; normal adult liver weighs about 2 ½ to 3 pounds |
| lower esophageal sphincter (LES) | Ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach; cardiac sphincter |
| mastication | Chewing |
| molar teeth | Sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch |
| palate | Roof of the mouth |
| pancreas | Organ behind the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes |
| papillae (singular: papilla) | Small, projections on the tongue |
| parotid gland | Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear |
| peristalsis | Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs |
| pharynx | Throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose |
| portal vein | Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines |
| protease | Enzyme that digests protein |
| pulp | Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels |
| pyloric sphincter | Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum; opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it |
| pylorus | Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum |
| rectum | Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus |
| rugae | Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach |
| saliva | Digestive juice produced by salivary glands; contains the enzyme amylase |
| salivary glands | Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands |
| sigmoid colon | Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum |
| sphincter | Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening |
| stomach | Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus |
| triglycerides | Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol; subgroup of lipids |
| uvula | Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate |
| villi (singular: villus) | Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
Mrs.Aitchison
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