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Chap 10 A&P Brain
The Human Body in health and Illness / Nervous System: Nervous tissue and Brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The largest part of the brain; divided into right and left hemispheres | Cerebrum |
| The cerebral hemispheres are joined together by bands of white matter that form a large fiber tract called | Corpus Callosum |
| A thin layer of grey matter forms the outermost portion of the cerebrum; it is composed primarily of cellbodies and interneurons | Cerebral Cortex |
| The surface of the cerebrum is folded into elevations called | Convolutions/Gyri (gyrus-singular) |
| Gyri are separated by grooves called | Sulci (sulcus-singular) |
| A deep sulcus is called | Fissure |
| Separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe and the precentral and postcentral gyri | Central Sulcus |
| Located in the frontal lobe, directly in front of the central sulcus | Precentral gyrus |
| Located in the parietal lobe, directly behind the central sulcus | Postcentral gyrus |
| Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes | Lateral Fissure |
| Separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres | Longitudinal Fissures |
| Located in the front of the cranium under the frontal bone; controls voluntary motor activity , personality development ' emotional and behavioral expression ' performance of high level task , motor speech | Frontal Lobe |
| Where nerve impulses originate; controlling voluntary muscle movement | Primary Motor Cortex (precentral gyrus) |
| The part of the frontal lobe/left hemisphere concerned with motor speech is called | Brocas Area |
| Above the Brocas area is an area called the | Frontal eye field |
| Located behind the central sulcus is the | Partietal Lobe |
| Primarily concerned with receiving general sensory information from the body (skin/muscles) temp, pain, light touch, proprioception | Primary Somatosensory area (postcentral gyrus) |
| Located inferior to the lateral fissure in an area just above the ear | Temporal Lobe |
| The area that allows you to hear | Primary auditory cortex |
| Sensory information from the nose; controls smell | Olfactory Area |
| Broad region that is located in the parietal and temporal lobes; controls translation of thoughts into words | Wernicke's Area |
| Located in the back if the head, Underlying the occipital bone | Occipital Lobe |
| Sensory Fibers from the eye send information to the | Visual Cortex |
| Helps regulate body movement and facial expressions ; The neurotransmitter dopamine is largely responsible for the activity of the | Basal Nuclei |
| A deficiency in dopamine within the basal nuclei is called | Parkinsons disease |
| The second main area of the brain, located beneath the cerebrum and above the brain stem | Diencephalon |
| Serves as a relay station for most of the sensory fibers traveling from the lower brain and spinal cord region to the sensory areas of the cerebrum | Thalamus |
| Directly below the thalamus and helps regulate body processes like body temp, water balance, and metabolism | Hypothalamus |
| Located in the hypothalmus ; directly or indirectly affects almost every hormone in the body | Pituitary gland |
| Connects the spinal cord with the higher brain structures | Brain Stem |
| Extends from the lower diencephalon to the pons; relays sensory and motor information | Midbrain |
| Extends from the midbrain to medulla oblongata; composed of tracts that act like a bridge for information, play an important role in regulation of breathing rate and rhythm | Pons |
| Connects the spinal cord with the Pons; controls the vomiting center and is often called the vital center | Medulla Oblongata |
| It is the structure that protrudes from under the occipital lobe at the base of the skull; concerned primarily with coordination | Cerebellum |
| Parts of the cerebrum and the diencephalon form a wishbone shaped group of structures ; functions emotional states and behavior | Limbic System |
| Extending through the entire brain stem with numerous connections to the cerebral cortex is a special mass of gray matter; concerned with the sleep-wake cycle and consciousness | Reticular formation |
| The four stages of___________ sleep progress from light to deep | NREM |
| Totals about 90 to 120 mins pre night; characterized by fluctuating BP, Respiratory rate and rhythm, and pulse rate most obviously characterized by rapid eye movements | REM |
| The ability to recall thoughts and images | Memory |
| The CNS is protected by bone. The brain is encased in the | Cranium |
| The spinal cord is encased in the | Vertebral Column |
| Three layers of connective tissue surround the brain and spinal cord called | Meninges |
| The outermost layer of meninges is a thick, tough connective tissue called | Dura Mater |
| Beneath the duramater is a small space called | Subdural space |
| The middle layer of the meninges; looks like a spiderweb | Arachnoid |
| The innermost layer of the meninges; means soft , or gentle mother; very thin membrane that contains many blood vessels and lies delicately over the brain and spinal cord | Pia Matter |
| Between the arachnoid layer and the pia matter is a space called | Subarachnoid space |
| Circulates within the subarachnoid space; forms a cushion around the brain and spinal cord and delivers nutrients to the CNS and removes waste | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| When the meninges become inflamed or infected | Meningitis |
| The CSF is composed of __________, __________, __________, and _________ _________ (Na+)(Ci-) | Water, Glucose, Protein, and Several Ions |
| An adult circulates about ________ml of CSF (500ml is formed every 24hrs, Replaced every 8hrs) | 130 |
| CSF is formed within the ventricles of the brain by a structure called the | Choroid pexus |
| An arrangement of cells, particularly the glial astrocytes, associated with the blood vessels that supply the brain and spinal cord | Blood-Brain barrier |
| Fingerlike structures that project into the dural sinuses to allow drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid | Arachnoid villi |
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dhollan127
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