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diseases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 | cause: unknown Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, blurry vision, weight loss, elevated blood glucose |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | cause: obesity, inactivity, genetics Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, elevated blood glucose |
| polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | causes; unknown Symptoms: irregular menstrual cycles, elevated hormone levels, multiple cysts on ovaries |
| hypothyroidism | causes: autoimmune disease, medications, thyroid surgery Symptoms: fatigue, weight gain, muscle aches, bradycardia, depression, elevated cholesterol, dry skin |
| hyperthyroidism | causes: graves disease, thyroiditis, plummer's disease Symptoms: weight loss, tachycardia, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disruption, goiter |
| Diabetes type 1 treatment | insulin therapy |
| diabetes type 2 treatment | diet modification, exercise, medication, insulin therapy |
| PCOS treatment | weight loss, estrogen and progestin |
| hypothyroidism treatment | synthetic thyroid hormone medication, levothyroxine (Synthroid) |
| hyperthyroidism treatment | radioactive iodine, antithyroid medication, beta blockers, thyroidectomy |
| basal cell carcinoma (BCC) | causes: light/fair skin, sun exposure Symptoms: new growth or sore that does not heal |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | causes: light/fair skin, sun exposure, less common than BCC Symptoms: spreads to surrounding tissue, most common on face and head |
| malignant melanoma | causes: light/fair skin, sun exposure Symptoms: itchy/bleeding mole, new mole, mole with changes |
| BCC treatment | curettage and electrodessication, mohs surgery, cryosurgery, laser therapy |
| Squamous cell carcinoma treatment | same for BCC |
| malignant melanoma treatment | depends on stage of legion, surgery, lymph node biopsy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy |
| curettage | the removal of tissue or growths from a body cavity, such as the uterus, by scraping with a curette |
| electrodessication | the drying of tissue by a high-frequency electric current applied with a needle-shaped electrode. |
| mohs surgery | a method of excising skin cancers and microscopically examining each layer until the entire tumor is removed |
| acne vulgaris | causes: surge of sex hormones during puberty, excess sebum on the skin surface Symptoms: black heads and white heads, papules, pustules |
| alopecia | causes: often hereditary, hormone changes, chemotherapy, stress, burns, fungal skin infections Symptoms: loss or lack of hair anywhere on the body |
| cellulitis | causes: staphylococcal and streptococcal bacterial infections Symptoms: red, tight skin, pain in inflamed area, fever |
| dermatitis | causes: multiple causative agents, contact with irritants symptoms: inflammation of skin resulting in rash and pruritus |
| eczema | causes: unknown symptoms: chronic dermatitis with vesicular eruptions developing into itchy, red, scaly rash |
| folliculitis | causes: shaving or repeated rubbing of shaved are, bacteria or fungi Symptoms: red, itchy hair follicles (pimple appearance) |
| herpes simplex | causes: contact with herpes simplex virus Symptoms: type 1; painful blisters on lips, mouth and face. type 2; similar lesions but located on genital area |
| acne vulgaris treatment | regular cleansing of affected area OTC benzoyl peroxide products, prescription medication |
| alopecia treatment | no cure, hair transplants and medications can slow progression |
| cellulitis treatment | oral/topical antibiotics, hospitalization if at risk for developing systemic infection |
| dermatitis treatment | treatment based on cause, corticosteroid creams, oral steroids |
| eczema treatment | topical or systemic steroids, NSAIDs for discomfort |
| folliculitis treatment | regular cleansing of affected area, topical antibiotics, electric shaver instead of razor |
| herpes simplex treatment | no cure, antiviral medication to decrease frequency of outbreaks |
| impetigo | causes: staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria Symptoms: itchy, oozing, skin lesions with honey-like appearing crust |
| pediculosis | causes: parasitic lice infestation Symptoms: skin itching, nits(eggs) in hair, particularly near roots |
| psoriasis | inherited autoimmune disorder Symptoms: silvery scaly, severely itchy skin lesions. can cause systemic symptoms such as joint pain and inflammation |
| ringworm | contact with causative fungus symptoms: flat, circular lesions |
| rosacea | dilation of small facial blood vessels symptoms: redness , acne-like eruptions on face |
| NSAID | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication |
| impetigo treatment | antibiotics, frequent cleansing of the area |
| pediculosis treatment | prescription or OTC lice treatments/shampoos |
| psoriasis treatment | oral NSAIDs, topical creams containing vitamins A and D, hydrocortisone cream, UV treatments |
| ringworm treatment | topical and oral antifungal medication |
| rosacea treatment | topical cortisones, antibiotics, vascular laser therapy |
| osteoarthritis | inflammatory processes, metabolic disorders. Symptoms: joint stiffness and pain, fluid surrounding the joint, grating sound with joint movement |
| rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune symptoms: destruction of the joint capsule causing scar tissue to form, visible joint deformity, loss of joint mobility |
| bursitis | overuse, joint trauma, bacterial infection symptoms: joint pain and swelling |
| Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors | cause unknown, age 10-20, male sex symptoms: fever, pain at tumor site, fractures, bruising |
| osteoarthritis treatment | NSAIDs, intra-articular injections, arthroscopy, joint replacement surgery |
| rheumatoid arthritis treatment | NSAIDs, exercise, heat and cold therapies, cortisone injections, surgery to remove scar tissue |
| bursitis treatment | rest, pain medication, steroid injection, aspiration of joint fluid, antibiotics |
| ewing's sarcoma family of tumors treatment | surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, bone marrow transplant, stem cell transplant |
| diverticulitis | causes: bacterial, viral, parasitic Symptoms: constipation or diarrhea, blood stools, abdominal pain, nausea |
| hemorrhoids | causes: constipation, straining during bowel movements, pelvic pressure during pregnancy and childbirth symptoms: itching pain in anal area, blood with bowel movements, visible protrusion from the anus |
| hiatal hernia | causes: unknown, smoking, obesity Symptoms: heartburn, chest pain, excessive burping, nausea and vomiting |
| stomach ulcer | causes: bacterial infection, smoking, medication symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain |
| diverticulitis treatment | high-fiber diet, antibiotics |
| hemorrhoids treatment | high-fiber diet, stool softeners, surgical removal |
| hiatal hernia treatment | weight reduction, medication, surgical repair |
| stomach ulcer treatment | antibiotics, antacid medication, surgery |
| gout | causes: deposits of uric acid crystals accumulate in joint spaces symptoms: joint pain common in big toe and knee joints, stiffness, swelling |
| kyphosis | causes: growth retardation or improper development of growth plates, aging and degenerative disk disease contribute to adult onset. symptoms: visible upper back curvature (humpback) |
| Lordosis | Causes: injury, poor posture, wearing high heels symptoms: inward curvature of the lower back (swayback) |
| osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease) | hereditary symptoms: dental issues, fractures at birth, loose joints, muscle weakness, respiratory issues, blue sclera of the eye, triangle-shaped face, small stature, spinal curvature |
| gout treatment | dietary changes, pain medication, medication to aid in elimination of uric acid in kidneys during urine formation |
| kyphosis treatment | exercise, back bracing, Harrington rod, spinal fusion in extreme cases |
| lordosis treatment | corrective shoes, exercise |
| osteogenesis treatment | fracture repair, surgery with metal rodding, physical therapy, bracing |
| osteoporosis | causes: hormone deficiencies, sedentary lifestyle, lack of vitamin D, corticosteroid use, smoking symptoms: fracture, most common in the spin, wrists, and hips, loss of height, can result in kyphosis |
| osteosarcoma | causes: unknown symptoms: pain in affected bones, swelling with development of tumor growth |
| paget's disease | causes: hereditary, viral symptoms: bone pain and deformity, fractures, excessive bone destruction |
| scoliosis | causes: genetic, can begin prenatally during formation of vertebrae, muscle weakness symptoms: bent appearing spine, back pain |
| fibromyalgia | causes: unknown, exacerbated by sloe deprivation, emotional distress, depression symptoms: fatigue, point tenderness and trigger points, chronic facial pain, sleep disturbances |
| osteoporosis treatment | medications, hormone replacement therapy, exercise, supplements |
| osteosarcoma treatment | surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, amputation of affected limb |
| paget's disease treatment | surgery, medication, physical therapy |
| scoliosis treatment | back bracing, physical therapy, surgery with rod placement |
| fibromyalgia treatment | antidepressants, NSAIDs, physical therapy, trigger point injections |
| muscular dystrophy | causes: hereditary symptoms: muscle weakness leading to eventual paralysis of muscle groups |
| myasthenia gravis | causes: autoimmune symptoms: double vision, muscle weakness, dysphagia, difficulty chewing, difficulty breathing |
| tendonitis | causes: sports or activity related symptoms: pain in joints, limited range of motion in joint |
| tetanus | causes: toxin produced by clostridium tetani symptoms: muscle spasm in jaw and neck, dyspnea, fever, irritability, sweating and drooling |
| muscular dystrophy treatment | physical therapy, bracing, ambulatory devices, medications |
| myasthenia gravis treatment | avoiding excessive stress, rest, eye patch, medication |
| tendonitis treatment | rest, ice, NSAIDs |
| tetanus treatment | antitoxin and antibiotic medications |
| hypertension | causes: narrowing of arteries, increased arterial pressure symptoms: excessive sweating, fatigue, muscle cramps, headaches, dizziness |
| angina | causes: coronary artery narrowing, atherosclerosis symptoms: pain/tightness in chest |
| coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis) | causes: buildup of fat and cholesterol in arteries symptoms: usually no symptoms prior to heart attack |
| myocardial infarction (heart attack) | causes: coronary artery blockage, atherosclerosis, blood clot Symptoms: squeezing chest pain that can radiate to shoulder/arm/neck/jaw, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea |
| hypertension treatment | treatment of underlying cause, lifestyle modifications: diet, exercise, stress management, smoking cessation, antihypertensive medication |
| angina treatment | sublingual nitroglycerin, treatment of underlying condition |
| coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis) treatment | lipid-lowering medications, low-fat diets, exercise, smoking cessation, coronary artery bypass grafting in severe cases |
| myocardial infarction treatment | aspirin, CPR if unconscious, defibrillation, anticoagulant medication, immediate emergency protocol |
| aneurysm | causes: atherosclerosis, smoking, high-cholesterol diet, obesity symptoms: usually none, possible back pain, tachycardia, dizziness |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | causes: smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high-cholesterol diet, hypertension Symptoms: shortness of breath, wheezing, peripheral edema in legs, irregular heartbeat |
| mitral valve prolapse | causes: usually unknown, hereditary or related to nervous system disorders symptoms: mild cases usually have no symptoms, severe cases can have shortness of breath and palpitations |
| thrombophlebitis | causes: prolonged periods of inactivity, hormone replacement therapy, cancer, paralysis symptoms: pain in affected area, redness, swelling |
| aneurysm treatment | surgery |
| CHF treatment | medications to address tachycardia, diuretic medication to treat edema, antihypertensive medications |
| mitral valve prolapse treatment | none for mild cases, medication to treat symptoms, surgery to repair |
| thrombophlebitis treatment | heat, compression stockings, anticoagulant medication, surgery |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | HIV virus symptoms: low T-cell counts, fever, diaphoresis, susceptibility to frequent infection, weight loss |
| lymphedema | causes: parasitic infection, trauma, surgical removal of lymph nodes |
| mononucleosis | causes: Epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus symptoms: fatigue, sore throat, fever |
| systemic lupus erythematosus | causes: medications, bacterial infections, autoimmune symptoms: cytomegalovirus symptoms: fatigue, body pain, butterfly rash on face, headaches, nausea, hair loss, weight loss, anemia, shortness of |
| celiac disease | causes: genetic defect, lack of enzyme that breaks down gluten, consumption of gluten triggers autoimmune reaction symptoms: weight loss, bloating, loose stools, eventual systemic organ wasting due to lack of nutrients, malabsorption |
| AIDS treatment | no cure, antiretroviral mediation to slow progression, treatment of secondary infections with antibiotics |
| lymphedema treatment | compression stockings, lymphedema pump, surgery |
| systemic lupus erythematosus treatment | NSAIDs |
| celiac disease treatment | gluten-free diet |
| asthma | causes: allergens, pollutants, dust mites, cigarette smoke symptoms: wheezing, coughing, feeling of tightness in chest |
| atelectasis | causes: cystic fibrosis, COPD, pleurisy, lung cancer, spontaneous symptoms: dyspnea, cyanosis, diaphoresis, pain |
| bronchitis | causes: viral environmental pollutants, cigarette smoke symptoms: yellow-gray or green productive cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, fever |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | causes: smoking, environmental pollutants symptoms: dyspnea, hypoxia, fatigue, cough |
| emphysema | causes: damage to alveoli causes by cigarette smoke, pollutants, specific types of dust symptoms: shortness of breath, chronic couch, fatigue |
| asthma treatment | avoiding allergens/irritants, rescue inhaler for bronchodilation, anti-inflammatory steroid inhalers, leukotriene-receptor antagonists, steroid injection for an acute episode |
| atelectasis treatment | thoracentesis, chest percussion, deep breathing exercises, intermittent positive-pressure breathing |
| bronchitis treatment | cough medicine, humidifier. inhalers, antibiotics in some cases |
| COPD treatment | smoking cessation, inhalers, lung transplant in extreme cases |
| emphysema treatment | smoking cessation, avoiding cold environments, antibiotics for secondary lung infections |
| influenza | respiratory virus symptoms: fever, muscle pain, fatigue, sore throat, rhinorrhea |
| legionnaires' disease | legionella bacteria that grow in standing water symptoms: dyspnea, cough headache, fever |
| pneumonia | bacterial, viral, parasitic symptoms: thick colored sputum, dyspnea, fever, cough |
| pulmonary edema | congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, heart valve disorders, drowning, injury symptoms: orthopnea, dyspnea, wheeze, productive cough, weight gain, pallor |
| influenza treatment | symptomatic, OTC analgesics for aches and fever, antiviral medication |
| legionnaires' disease treatment | antibiotics, respiratory medications, oxygen, fever medication |
| pneumonia treatment | rest, antibiotics, OTC analgesics |
| pulmonary edema treatment | oxygen therapy, diuretics |
| pulmonary embolism | causes: blood clot blocking an artery in the lung symptoms: dyspnea, chest pain, cough, fainting, rapid onset of shortness of breath, diaphoresis |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | viral symptoms: fever, headache, dry cough |
| tuberculosis (TB) | causes: bacterial symptoms: chronic cough, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, painful or difficulty breathing |
| pulmonary embolism treatment | circulation support (compression hose), rest, anticoagulant medication, surgically implanted filter |
| SARS treatment | rest, antiviral medication |
| TB treatment | isolation if symptomatic, medication therapy for 6-12 months |
| Alzheimer's disease | causes: degenerative brain disease, possibly genetic or environmental symptoms: confusion, memory loss, impaired judgement, personality change, worsens over time |
| bell's palsy | unknown cause. symptoms: weakness or paralysis of facial muscles, facial numbness and drooping, headache |
| seizures | causes: birth trauma, infections, brain injury, head trauma, drug withdrawal. symptoms: uncontrolled muscle contractions, loss of consciousness, visual disturbances |
| meningitis | causes: bacterial, viral, fungal infection causing inflammation of the meninges. symptoms: stiff neck, headache, fever, vomiting |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | causes: viral, genetic, immune dysfunction. symptoms: loss of ability to speak or walk, double vision, loss of balance, weakness in arms/legs |
| Alzheimer's treatment | no cure, physical activity, socialization, medication to slow progression |
| bell's palsy treatment | NSAIDs, pain relievers, usually self-resolving |
| seizure treatment | medication, brain surgery |
| meningitis treatment | appropriate medications for type, bacterial can be fatal |
| MS treatment | no cure, supportive, medications to slow progression |
| Parkinson's disease | causes: lack of neurotransmitters, brain tumors, head trauma, drugs. symptoms: arm/leg muscle joint stiffness, lack of coordination, tremor |
| stroke | causes: blockage of artery in neck or brain |
| migraine headache | causes: hormones, stress, dietary, familial. symptoms: dull to throbbing head pain, sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, vomiting, visual aura |
| Parkinson's treatment | no cure, supportive, medications to slow progression |
| stroke treatment | physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy |
| migraine treatment | medications, alternative medications |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | causes: increased age, increased level of dihydrotestosterone. symptoms: feeling of full bladder after urinating, weak urine flow, needing to urine often |
| hydrocele | causes: failure of inguinal ring to close properly in development, injury or swelling of the scrotum. symptoms: few symptoms, pain, increased size in scrotum |
| prostate cancer | causes: unknown, genetics. symptoms: pain, erectile dysfunction, dysuria |
| sexually transmitted infections | causes: unprotected contact with infected tissue or fluids. symptoms: varies depending on infection/disease, pelvic or penile pain, sores, itching or discharge, dysuria, body rash, infertility |
| BPH treatment | alpha blockers, minimally invasive surgical procedures, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) |
| hydrocele treatment | surgery if symptomatic |
| prostate cancer treatment | hormone therapy, radiation therapy, surgery, cryosurgery, chemotherapy |
| STIs treatment | varies depending on infection, medication, cryosurgery, immunizations |
| endometriosis | causes: unknown. symptoms: most have none, pelvic pain especially during menses, painful urination and defecation, infertility issues |
| pelvic inflammatory disease | causes: untreated STIs/STDs, multiple sex partners, frequent douching. symptoms: lower abdominal pain, back pain, fever, rapid pulse, vaginal discharge, pain during sexual intercourse |
| cervical cancer | causes: particular strains of HPV. Symptoms: abnormal vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal or pelvic pain, abnormal discharge, pain during sexual intercourse |
| endometriosis treatment | NSAIDs, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, oral contraceptives, progestins, surgical intervention |
| pelvic inflammatory disease treatment | antibiotic treatments, surgical intervention to treat scarring |
| cervical cancer treatment | surgical intervention, chemotherapy, radiation therapy |
| acute kidney failure | causes: burns, dehydration, hemorrhage, low BP, trauma. symptoms: little to no urine production, swelling in extremities, mental confusion |
| chronic kidney disease | causes: diabetes, hypertension, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease. symptoms: headache, seizures, confusion |
| incontinence | causes: nervous system disorders, UTI, bladder cancer, prostate disorders. symptoms: involuntary urination |
| polycystic kidney disease | causes: enlarged kidneys due to cysts, inherited. symptoms: hypertension, fatigue |
| pyelonephritis | causes: bladder infection that spreads to the kidneys. symptoms: fatigue, fever |
| renal calculi | causes: UTI, gout, highly concentrated urine. Symptoms: severe back or abdominal pain, fever, nausea, urgency |
| acute kidney failure treatment | increase dietary protein, fluid and potassium intake regulation, dialysis |
| chronic kidney disease treatment | antibiotics, blood transfusion, control of BP, dialysis, kidney transplant |
| incontinence treatment | medication, surgical removal of the prostate, Kegel exercises, surgery |
| polycystic kidney disease treatment | medication, draining of cysts, surgical removal of kidney |
| pyelonephritis treatment | antibiotics |
| renal calculi treatment | medication, surgery, lithotripsy |
| appendicitis | causes: idiopathic, inflammation of the appendix. Symptoms: RLQ pain, loss of appetite, nausea |
| cirrhosis | causes: scarring of liver, can be autoimmune, medication, alcohol, hepatitis B or C. symptoms: anemia, fatigue, fever, enlarged liver, jaundice, weight loss |
| cholelithiasis (gallstones) | causes: insoluble cholesterol and bile salt. Symptoms: can be asymptomatic, radiating RUQ pain, fever, nausea, vomiting |
| colitis | causes: viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating |
| constipation | causes: inactivity, lack of fiber and water in diet, medications. Symptoms: bloating, abdominal pain, hard feces |
| Crohn's disease | causes: inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune. Symptoms: fever, joint pain, tender gums, abnormal abdominal sounds, constipation or diarrhea, intestinal bleeding. |
| appendicitis treatment | antibiotics, appendectomy |
| cirrhosis treatment | avoid alcohol consumption, antibiotics, diuretics |
| cholelithiasis treatment | laparoscopic cholecystectomy, lithotripsy |
| constipation treatment | increased dietary fiber and water, physical activity |
| Crohn's disease treatment | dietary changes, antibiotics, surgery |
Created by:
elshalance
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