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General Patient Care
medical
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| equation to convert height from inches to feet and inches? | divide inches by 12 |
| 45 inches | 3 feet 8 inches |
| height is a part of a routine physical to track what? | normal development, monitor conditions such as scoliosis or osteoporosis, and assist in determining BMI. |
| medications are often determined by? | Weight |
| What are reasons weight is obtained? | BMI, predisposition to medical conditions, and the monitoring of eating disorders and weight management. |
| weight is measured in? | pounds or kilograms |
| equation to convert pounds to kilograms | divide the weight in pounds by 2.2 |
| equation to convert kilograms to pounds | multiply the weight in kilograms by 2.2 |
| 20 lbs=kg | 9.09 kg |
| 65 kg=lb | 143 lbs |
| 4 ft 5 in | 53 inches |
| equation to convert feet and inches to inches | times ft and in by 12 |
| BMI equation | lbsX703 divided by height in inchesX 2 |
| normal BMI | 18.5 to 24.9 |
| underweight BMI | less than 18.5 |
| overweight BMI | greater than 24.9 |
| obese BMI | 30 and greater |
| Pediatric measurements | monitor growth |
| what is completed during a routine physical exam in pediatrics? | height, weight, and head circumference |
| if a child is unable to stand erect what should you do? | lay the child or infant flat on a paper covered table. Place a mark at the top of the head and at the heel of the flexed foot. |
| weight in pediatrics is more accurate when? | the infant is able to lie down or sit in an infant scale. |
| head circumference | using a tape measure, measure head circumference at the widest area, which is usually right across the eyebrows, measuring in inches or centimeters. |
| vital signs are key indicators of? | homeostasis |
| what factors can affect vital signs? | stress, food, liquid intake, medical conditions, age, and physical activity |
| measuring temperature is used for? | determining the relationship of heat production and the heat loss in the body, also referred to as metabolism. |
| whats the most common cause of pyrexia (fever)? | infection |
| symptoms of a fever | chills, anorexia, malaise, thirst, and generalized aching |
| temperature is measured how? | orally via a digital thermometer, aurally using a tympanic thermometer, or temporally using a temporal artery scanner. |
| axillary and rectal temperatures determine what? | skin and core temperature and are not commonly performed. |
| normal oral, tympanic, and temporal temperatures are | 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees celcius) |
| axillary temperature | is one degree cooler on average |
| rectal temperature | average one degree higher |
| heart rate | is a reflection of a pulse |
| when is a heart rate best palpitated? | when an artery can be pushed against a bone. |
| which fingers should be used to determine pulse? | second and third fingers |
| radial pulse | located on the thumb side of the wrist and is the most common site for taking and adult pulse. |
| brachial pulse | inside the upper arm and is the most common for children. |
| carotid | located in the neck just below the haw bone and is the most common for use in emergency procedures. |
| in addition to palpitation, pulse can also be determined by? | auscultation |
| auscultation | listening, usually with a stethoscope |
| apical pulse | is counted by listening to the heart beat at the apex of the heart |
| pulse is evaluated on | rate, rhythm or regularity, and volume or strength. |
| pulse rate depend on | patient age and condition, time of day, activity level, and medications. |
| respirations are evaluated on | rate, rhythm, and depth. |
| respiratory rhythm | is the breathing pattern |
| respiratory depth | describes how much air is inhaled |
| one respiration includes | an inhale and an exhale |
| normal respiratory rate in a newborn | 30 to 50/min |
| normal respiratory rate in an adult | 12 to 20/min |
| the provider should be notified if you hear | wheezing, rales, or rhonchi. these are all abnormal |
| blood pressure | the single most important vital sign in identifying the force of the blood circulating through the arteries |
| equipment used to determine blood pressure | sphygmomanometer, blood pressure cuff, and stethoscope. |
| systolic pressure | is recorded when the first sharp tapping sound is heard, which is often when the blood begins to surge into the artery that has been occluded by the inflation of the pressure cuff. |
| diastolic pressure | is noted when the last sound disappears completely and the blood is flowing freely. |
| phase I and V | systolic and diastolic pressure are heard in these phases |
| phase II | there is a swishing sound as more blood flows through the artery |
| phase III | sharp tapping sounds are noted as even more blood is surging. |
| phase IV | the sound changes to a soft tapping which begins to muffle |
| Korotkoff sounds | the five phases of articular relaxation that are audible while obtaining a manual blood pressure |
| infants and children blood pressure | between 60/30 and 100/80 mm Hg |
| adult blood pressure | 100/60 to 140/80 but blood pressure under 119/79 is still considered normal. |
| hypertension | 140/90 or higher |
| prehypertension | between 120 and 139 for the top number or 80 to 89 for the bottom number |
Created by:
elshalance
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