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Nervous System Quiz
Nervous System MY Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sensory neurons are afferent with ____________dendrites and ____________axons | long, short |
| Motor neurons are efferent with _______________ dendrites and _______________ axons. | short, long |
| Clusters of these nerve cells are located near the spinal column. | sensory neurons |
| __________________cells create myelin for the Peripheral Nervous system (PNS) | schwann |
| Located near the spinal cord are nerve clusters called the_________________. (the Back of the spinal cord.) | dorsal root ganglia |
| Fatty white material forming a protective coating that wraps around nerve fibers is call _____________ | myelin |
| ________________________ cells form the myelin for the Central Nervous System (CNS) | Oligadendracyte |
| When a nerve impulse travels to the end of the axon of a motor neuron a _________________ (acetylcholine) is released exciting the muscle cell to contract. | nuerotransmitter |
| A ___________________ (or myoneural junction) is a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. | Neuromuscular junction |
| These neurons originate in the periphery of the body and carry impulses from sense organs to the spinal cord/brain. | Sensory |
| These neurons carry nerve impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands they control. | motor |
| These neurons carry impulses from one neuron to another (in a relay) | interneurons |
| The largest and most numerous of the glial cells are star shaped and found only in the CNS | Astrocytes |
| Small cells that function as phagocytes | microglia |
| The three membranes that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord. | meninges |
| The outermost of the three layers of membrane called the meninges that protect the central nervous system. | dura mater |
| the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. | pia mater |
| A fine, delicate spider like membrane, the middle one of the three membranes or meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord | arachnoid mater |
| A clear fluid derived from the blood and secreted into the inner cavities or ventricles of the brain. | cerebrospinal fluid |
| the body’s largest and most complex nerve tissue, containing in excess of 10 billion neurons and innumerable nerve fibers | Brain |
| located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right | cerebrum |
| A bundle of nerve fibers that provide communication between the right and left hemispheres. | corpus callosum |
| Located below the cerebrum and at the back of the cranium, helps to maintain body balance, | cerebellum |
| the hypothalamus, thalamus, and pineal and pituitary glands, is located in the center of the brain make up the _______________________. | diencephalon |
| Located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone this gland is considered the master gland. | pituitary |
| The three parts of the brain stem | midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
| The ______________________ connects the brain with the spinal cord. | medulla oblongata |
| the spinal cord consists of _________ segments, each segment being the site of attachment of a pair of spinal nerves. | 31 |
| The nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. | Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
| The peripheral nervous system is divided into the _______________ and __________________ nervous system. | autonomic, somatic |
| There are how many pairs of cranial nerves | 12 |
| the five nerve plexuses | cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal |
| This plexus is formed from the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves and the first four sacral nerves. | Sacral |
| The spinal nerves that form the sacral plexus divide and merge to form several collateral nerves and one main branch, the _______________. | sciatic nerve |
| This plexus is composed of four lower cervical nerves and the first pair of thoracic nerves that control arm movements. | brachial |
| An area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root | dermatomes |
| These respond to mechanical stimulation or tissue distortion such as touch, pressure vibration, and stretch | Mechanoreceptors |
| Located in the mouth and nose these receptors are sensitive to chemical stimuli giving us the sense of taste and smell. | chemoreceptors |
| Responding to extreme stimuli and detecting pain. | nociceptors |
| Perception or awareness of the position and movement of the body. | proprioception |
| Three major categories of proprioceptors. | muscle spindle cells, golgi tendon organs, joint |
| A multibranched sensory nerve ending located in the musculotendinous junction, where muscle fibers attach to tendon tissue. | Golgi tendon organs |
| The two main types of joint proprioceptors. | Pacini corpuscles and Ruffini endings. |
| This system regulates the action of glands, smooth muscles, and the heart. | autonomic |
| The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into two systems. | sympathetic, parasympathetic |
| This system prepare the body for emergencies. Fight or flight and is located in the thoracolumbar section. (T1-L2) | sympathetic |
| This system prepares the body for rest/digest. Located in craniosacral region. | parasympathetic |
| The autonomic nervous system controls _________________ muscles. Smooth and cardiac. | involuntary |
| The somatic nervous system is ___________________ movement of the body. Skeletal muscles. | voluntary |
| Nerve activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve that follows a nerve pathway is called _______________. | reflex arc |
| A degenerative nerve disease that affects the body's ability to control the muscles. | multiple sclerosis |
| Characterized by tremors and shaking, especially in the hands is caused by degeneration of an area of the cerebrum reducing the production of dopimine. | Parkinson's disease |
| A progressive and eventually fatal neurologic condition that causes the motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord to degenerate and die. | ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| Spinal cord injury (SCI) in the area of C1 through T1 results in _______________. | quadriplegia |
| Injury between T2 and S5 where the mid to lower chest, stomach, legs, and feet are affected. | paraplegia |
| The condition of unilateral paralysis caused by a stroke. | hemiplegia |
| A neurologic condition in which there is abnormal electrical activity in the CNS without apparent tissue abnormalities. | epilepsy |
| A crippling or even deadly disease that affects the motor neurons of the medulla oblongata and spinal cord, resulting in paralysis of the related muscle tissues. | polio |
| An acute inflammation of the pia and arachnoid mater around the brain and spinal cord. | meningitis |
| An acute inflammation of a nerve trunk and the dendrites at the end of the sensory neurons by the herpes zoster virus. | Shingles |
| Inflammation of a nerve. | neuritis |
| Pain associated with neuritis is called | neuralgia |
| A compression or entrapment of the brachial nerve plexus and/or blood vessels going to or from the arm that results in pain, paresthesia, numbness, and/or weakness in the shoulder, neck, and arm. | Thoracic outlet syndrome |
| Compression of the median nerve as it passes through the anatomic tunnel of the wrist, causing pain and weakness in the thumb and/or first three fingers. | carpel tunnel |
| Three types of neurons | Sensory/afferent, Motor/efferent, Interneurons/go between |
| The primary function of the nervous system is to: | collect internal and external sensory information and process, interpret, and integrate the information and initiate appropriate motor responses. |
| The nervous system is composed of: | brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves |
| The distal ends of the axon split into many ends call axon | terminals |
| Impulses are passed from one neuron to another at a junction called a | synapse |
| Two characteristics of neuron are ___________________ and _____________________ | irritability and contractibility |
| Nervous tissue is made up of _______________ rather than neurons. Also called _____________cells | neuroglia, glial |
| The portion of the nervous system that is surrounded by bone is the ____________________________ | CNS |
| What is white matter? | Axon with myelin sheath |
| What is grey matter? | Axon without myelin sheath |
| A __________is a bundle of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue that extends from the CNS to the tissue that the neurons innervate. | nerve - PNS |
| A bundle of nerves located in the CNS is called a__________? | tract - CNS |
| What is the Limbic system? | Related to emotions, memories, endocrin funtion, |
| What does the frontal lobe do? | Initiates all motor functions, some conscious thoughts |
| The ___________ controls sensory perception (touch, smell, pressure). | parietal lobe |
| Which lobe is considered your vision center? | occipital lobe |
| What part of your brain controls your hearing? | temporal lobe |
| What do you find in the central root? | axon of a motor neurons |
| Every spinal nerve with the exception of ____ supplies a specific skin segment called a dermatome | C1 |
| Dermatome location can help locate the spinal nerve segment involved when there is? | lack of sensation or pain in a certain area |
| A gathering of nerve roots is a __________? | a plexus |
Created by:
clmahan
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