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Genetics

TermDefinition
DNA Genetic material in the nucleus of a cell, provides instructions for cell traits
Chromosome A collection of genes, made of DNA, that carries genes from parents to offspring
Trait Any inheritable characteristic (physical or behavior)
Mutation A mistake made when a cell is copying DNA before mitosis, can result in a positive ,negative change in resulting cells or offspring
Genetic Disorder A disease caused by a mutation in DNA
Allele A version of a gene – there may be multiple versions in a population, such as alleles for hair color
Genotype Genetic make-up of an organism, the particular combination of alleles
Phenotype Physical make up of an organism, the actual physical features and behaviors
Dominant Trait Trait that if the allele is present in the genotype, it will always be expressed in the offspring
Recessive trait Trait that is only expressed if two copies are present in the genotype
Homozygous (purebred) Two copies of the same allele for a trait (TT or tt)
Heterozygous (hybrid) One dominant and one recessive allele for a trait (Tt)
Sexual Reproduction Reproduction where 2 parents each donate 50% of their genes to produce a genetically diverse offspring
Asexual reproduction Reproduction where 1 parent makes a genetically identical offspring with 100% the same genes. Ex: cloning, binary fission, budding
Genetic Variation The amount of different allele combinations present in a population of organisms. More diverse populations have more organism with different combinations of alleles
Gene A DNA section of a chromosome that codes for a trait
Created by: MadisonWise08
Popular Genetics sets

 

 



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