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Genetics
Term | Definition |
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DNA | Genetic material in the nucleus of a cell, provides instructions for cell traits |
Chromosome | A collection of genes, made of DNA, that carries genes from parents to offspring |
Trait | Any inheritable characteristic (physical or behavior) |
Mutation | A mistake made when a cell is copying DNA before mitosis, can result in a positive ,negative change in resulting cells or offspring |
Genetic Disorder | A disease caused by a mutation in DNA |
Allele | A version of a gene – there may be multiple versions in a population, such as alleles for hair color |
Genotype | Genetic make-up of an organism, the particular combination of alleles |
Phenotype | Physical make up of an organism, the actual physical features and behaviors |
Dominant Trait | Trait that if the allele is present in the genotype, it will always be expressed in the offspring |
Recessive trait | Trait that is only expressed if two copies are present in the genotype |
Homozygous (purebred) | Two copies of the same allele for a trait (TT or tt) |
Heterozygous (hybrid) | One dominant and one recessive allele for a trait (Tt) |
Sexual Reproduction | Reproduction where 2 parents each donate 50% of their genes to produce a genetically diverse offspring |
Asexual reproduction | Reproduction where 1 parent makes a genetically identical offspring with 100% the same genes. Ex: cloning, binary fission, budding |
Genetic Variation | The amount of different allele combinations present in a population of organisms. More diverse populations have more organism with different combinations of alleles |
Gene | A DNA section of a chromosome that codes for a trait |