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CSET SS III
Civics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Empiricism | Knowledge attained through sense experiences (Bacon) |
| Cognito, ergo sum | I think, therefore I am (Descartes) |
| Social Contract | Governments are given their right to rule through the will of the people (Rousseau) |
| Liberalism | People have the right to depose governments that do not protect their natural rights (Locke) |
| Locke's Natural Rights | Life, liberty, and property |
| Democracy | Advocating the rights of the individual to make decisions as part of a collective act |
| Capitalism | Right to hold property and gain profits |
| Republicanism | Select a government through elections of representatives, citizens must put civic duty ahead of individual interest |
| Englightenment | Intellectual movement insisting on freedom of action separate from divine will |
| Individual Rights | People seek freedom and a high living standard without arbitrary government restrictions |
| "Wealth of Nations" | Adam Smith. Individuals pursing their own interests promote society's interests. The free market leads to healthy competition. |
| Government Responsibility | Protect and promote people's rights/ and freedoms |
| English Common Law | Precedents are used to decide similar cases, inspired Constitution |
| US Citizenship | By birth or naturalization (marriage, work, parent of a citizen) |
| Citizen Rights | Express oneself, trial by jury, vote, apply for federal jobs, run for office |
| Citizen Responsibilities | Support/defend Constitution, vote, obey laws, respect others, pursue life/liberty/happiness, taxes, jury duty, drafts |
| Iroquois Constitution | "Great Law of Peace." Bicameral legislature. Individual tribes and a tribal federation with laws. |
| "Common Sense" | Thomas Paine. Encourage citizens towards independence from England. Role of the government vs. rights of society |
| Declaration of Independence | Thomas Jefferson. 1: the unalienable right of people to seek independence.2: charges against George III. 3: declare independence |
| Constitution | 3 branches of government. State vs federal power. Provision for amendments. |
| Article 1 | Legislative branch |
| Article 2 | Executive branch |
| Article 3 | Judicial branch (Supreme and Federal courts) |
| Article 4 | States' relationship to federal government and other states |
| Article 5 | Requirements for amendments (3/4 approval) |
| Article 6 | Constitution is the land's supreme law. No religious test for candidates |
| Article 7 | 9 states needed for the Constitution to be the official law |
| "Spirit of the Laws" | Montesquieu. 3 branches of government |
| Federalist Papers | Hamilton, Madison, Jay. Argued the Constitution should be ratified without a Bill of Rights. |
| Bill of Rights | James Madison. Amendments 1-10 |
| 13th Amendment | End slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Equal protection under the law |
| 15th Amendment | Male suffrage |
| 18th Amendment | Prohibition |
| 21st Amendment | Reverse prohibition |
| 17th Amendment | Popular election of senators for 6 year terms |
| 19th Amendment | Women suffrage |
| 24th Amendment | Eliminate poll tax |
| 26th Amendment | Voting age 18 |
| 11th Amendment | Sovereign immunity of states |
| 27th Amendment | Congress cannot raise or lower salaries mid-term |
| Virginia Plan | Bicameral legislature both be elected based on population |
| The Great Compromise | 2 senators per state, proportional representation in the House |
| 3/5 Compromise | Slave population counted as 3/5 of its actual size to determine representation in the House |
| Legislative Branch | Levy taxes, declare war, confirm judges and the president, impeach president, federal courts |
| Executive Branch | Enforce laws, veto laws, executive orders, Commander in Chief, appoint judges, dissolve congress |
| Judicial Branch | Interpret Constitution, solve state disputes, life long, 9 justices (1 is chief) |
| Appellate Court | A court of appeals, rules on cases that were tried in lower courts |
| Marbury vs. Madison | Established Judicial Review: the Supreme Court decides lawfulness, not citizens or legislature |
| Martin vs. Hunter's Lesee | State courts are less than the Supreme Court |
| McCulloch vs. Maryland | States can't prevent the federal government from exercising its constitutional power, 1819 |
| US vs. Nixon | The president does not have immunity, he is answerable to the law, 1974 |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | Upheld states' right to segregation under "separate but equal," 1896 |
| Brown vs. Board of Education | "Separate but equal" violates the 14th amendment, 1954 |
| Adarand Constructors vs. Pena | Federal government is bound to the same race-neutrality standards as the states, 1995 |
| Miranda vs. Arizona | Individuals need to know they can plead the 5th and get a lawyer, 1966 |
| Roe vs. Wade | States regulate abortion laws |
| Regents of UC vs. Bakke | Race can be a factor but not the deciding factor in school admissions, 1978 |
| US vs. Virginia Military Institute | Male-only policy violates the 14th amendment |
| INS vs. St. Cyr | No retroactive convictions for illegal immigrants seeking aid, 1996 |
| Democratic Party | Formed in the 1830s. Evolved from rural and southern concerned with states' rights to northeast/west in favor of a strong federal government |
| Republican Party | Formed in 1854. Evolved from northeast/west concerned with a strong federal government to midwest/south favoring states' rights |
| Federal Election Campaign Act | Candidates have to reveal the source of their financing |
| Electoral College | 2 senators + the state's House representatives. 270 are needed to be elected. Each state can set its own rules, but most give all electoral votes to the popular vote winner. |
| Redistircting | Changing the boundaries of political districts based on changing population patterns after a census. |
| Political Action Committee | An organization that raises money to influence an election or legislation. |
| Republican Political System | Separate election of the executive, multi-layer elections (electoral college), and often bicameral |
| Parliamentary | No separate election of the executive, single election system of representatives, and can be unicameral or bicameral |
| Engle vs. Vitale | No daily prayers in school, 1962 |
| Lee vs. Weisman | No religious activities at graduations, 1992 |
| Santa Fe vs. Doe | No prayers during extracurriculars, 2000 |
| Pluralality | Receive enough votes to win the practical majority but not the absolute majority. "First past the post." |
| Federalists | Favored a strong and rich nation with a powerful federal government |
| Democratic-Republicans | Agrarian values, personal freedom, states' rights |
| Hard Money Contributions | Cash given to the campaign of a political candidate |
| Chief Justice | Selected by the President and confirmed by the Senate |
| Commerce Clause | Congress regulates interstate, foreign, and commerce with Native Americans |
| Shadow Cabinet | Parallel executive branch in parliament that is made up of the opposition to challenge and offer alternatives, but has no real power |
| Confirmation of the President | Senate |
| "Under God" | Added by Congress in 1954 |
| Concurrent Majority | Tried to solve the problem of Tyranny of the Majority by enabling minorities to block majority actions. |
| 16th Amendment | 1913. Government can tax income and corporations |
Created by:
johea
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