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Chapter 2 Anatomy
Anatomy terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | The relatively constant states maintained by the body. |
| Set point or setpoint range | Normal reading or range of normal is called |
| Integumentary | Separates internal environment from external environment, providing stability of internal fluid volume |
| Skeletal | Supports and protects internal environment, allowing movement; stores minerals that can be moved into and out of internal fluid |
| Muscular | Powers and directs movements; provides heat |
| Nervous | Regulates homeostatic mechanisms, sensing changes, integrating information, sending signals to effectors |
| Endocrine | Regulates homeostasis by secreting signaling hormones that travel through internal environment to effector cells |
| Cardiovascular | Maintains internal constancy by transporting nutrients, water, oxygen, hormones, wastes, and other materials and heat within the internal environment |
| Lymphatic | Maintains constant fluid pressure by draining excess fluid from tissues, cleaning it, and recycling it to bloodstream |
| Immune | Defends internal environment against harmful agents |
| Respiratory | Maintains stable O2 and CO2 levels in body by exchanging these gases between external and internal environments; provides vocal communication with others for protection, hunting, etc. |
| Digestive | Maintains relatively constant nutrient level in body by digesting food and absorbing nutrients into internal environment |
| Urinary | Maintains constantly low level of waste and regulates pH of internal environment; helps maintain constancy of internal water volume and balance of ions and other substances |
| Reproductive | Passes genetic code containing information for forming a body and maintaining homeostasis to offspring |
| Afferent | A signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference |
| Efferent | Signal moving away from a center or other point of reference. |
| Negative feedback | Oppose or “negate” a change by creating a response that is opposite in direction to the initial disturbance |
| Positive feedback | Tends to amplify or reinforce the change that is occurring. |
| Feed-forward | The concept that information may flow ahead to an-other process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow. |
| Intracellular control | Operate at the cell level. Regulate functions within the cell, often by means of genes and enzymes. |
| Intrinsic control | Mechanisms operate at the tissue and organ levels |
| Extrinsic control | “Outside” control and operates at the system and organism levels |
Created by:
Gdstoddart
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