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Axial Skeleton
bones and parts of the axial skeleton
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 5 functions of the bones? | 1. Support 2. Protection 3. Movement 4. Storage 5. Blood cell fortmation |
| What are the two parts of the skeletal system? | 1. Axial 2. Appendicular |
| What are the two classifications of bones? | 1. Spongy 2. Compact |
| What are the 4 types of bones? | 1. Long 2. Short 3. Flat 4. Irregular |
| What are the ends of the long bone called? | Epiphysis |
| What is the "shaft" of the long bone called? | Diaphysis |
| What color is the marrow in an adult bone? | Yellow |
| What color is the marrow in a child's bone? | Red |
| What is the site of longitudinal growth in a child called? | Epiphyseal plate |
| In an adult, what is located where the epiphyseal plate used to be? | Epiphyseal line |
| What is the name for mature bone cells? | Osteocytes |
| What is the name for immature bone cells? | Osteoblasts |
| What occurs in the bones and muscle when there is disuse and severe lack of exercise? | Atrophy |
| How many bones are there total in the adult skeleton? | 206 |
| Give an example of a long bone: | humerus, femur, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula |
| Give an example of a flat bone: | bones of the skull, ribs, sternum |
| Give an example of a short bone: | sesamoid, carpals, tarsals |
| Give an example of an irregular bone: | vertebrae, hip bones |
| What is the outside covering of the diaphysis called? | Periosteum |
| What covers the external surface of the epiphysis? | Articular cartilage |
| What does articular cartilage do? | Reduce friction |
| What cavity houses marrow inside the shaft of the long bone? | Medullary |
| What lines the inner surface of the shaft (diaphysis)? | Endosteum |
| What are the two main types of bone markings? | 1. Projection/Processes 2. Depression/cavities |
| Name two types of projection or process. | tuberosity, crest, trochanter, line, tubercle, epicondyle, spine, process, head, facet, condyle, ramus |
| Name two types of depressions or cavities. | groove, fissure, foramen, notch, meatus, sinus, fossa |
| What is a fracture? | break in a bone |
| What are two types of bone fractures? | 1. Closed/simple 2. Open/Compound |
| What are the two ways to treat fractures? | 1. Reduction 2. Immobilization |
| What type of reduction occurs when surgery is involved? | open |
| What type of reduction occurs when a doctor does it manually? | closed |
| What is the first thing that happens in the healing of a bone fracture? | Hematoma forms |
| What are the three parts of the axial skeleton? | 1. Skull 2. Vertebral Column 3. Bony Thorax or Thoracic Cage |
| What two sets of bones form the skull? | 1. Cranium 2. Facial |
| How are the bones of the skull joined? | Sutures |
| How many cranial bones are there? | 8 |
| List 3 cranial bones. | frontal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid, parietal, temporal |
| How many facial bones are there? | 14 |
| List 3 facial bones. | maxillae, palatine, lacrimal, zygomatic, nasal, vomer, inferior nasal conchae, mandible |
| What is also known as the forehead bone? | frontal |
| What is also known as the cheekbbone? | zygomatic |
| What is the lower jaw called? | Mandible |
| What is the bone located on the back of your skull called? | occipital |
| What bone is the only bone that does not articulate with another bone and serves as a movable base for the tongue? | Hyoid |
| How many bones are in the vertebrae? | 26 |
| How many cervical? | 7 |
| How many thoracic? | 12 |
| How many lumbar? | 5 |
| What are the names for the top two cervical vertebrae? | 1. Atlas 2. Axis |
| What is the atlas and the axis responsible for? | Movement of the head |
| What are the three parts of the thoracic cage or bony thorax? | 1. sternum 2. ribs 3. thoracic vertebrae |
| What are the three types of ribs? | 1. true ribs 2. false ribs 3. floating ribs |
| Which ribs directly articulate with the sternum? | True ribs |
| Which ribs indirectly articulate with the sternum? | False and floating |
| What is the weight bearing portion of the vertebrae called? | body |
| What is the opening called where the spinal nerves pass through? | vertebral foramen |
Created by:
hrosa
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