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Lesson 1
Basic Medical Language - Intro to medical language, body structure, and oncology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
muscle tissue | cells that have the special ability to contract, usually producing movement |
nerve tissue | found in nerves, spinal cord, and brain; coordinates and controls body movement |
connective tissue | connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures; forms bones, fat, cartilage, and blood |
epithelial tissue | major covering of external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavity and organs; major tissue in glands |
cell | basic unit of all living things |
tissue | group of similar cells that perform a specific function |
organ | two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body functions |
system | group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions |
cranial cavity | brain |
spinal cavity | spinal cord |
thoracic cavity | heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi |
abdominal cavity | stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and uterus |
pelvic cavity | urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestines, and rectum |
integumentary system | covers and protects body, regulates body temperature, and helps manufacture vitamin D |
respiratory system | exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and external environment |
urinary system | removes waste material (urine), regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration |
reproductive system | produces offspring, secretes hormones that produce feminine and masculine physical traits |
cardiovascular system | pumps and transports through the body |
lymphatic system | provides defense against infection and other diseases and drainage of extracellular fluid |
digestive system | prepares food for use by the body's cells and eliminates waste |
musculoskeletal system | provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs, stores calcium, and produces blood cells |
nervous system | regulates specific body activities by sending and receiving messages |
endocrine system | secretes hormones that regulate specific body activities |
carcin/o | cancer |
cyt/o | cell(s) |
epitheli/o | epithelium, epithelial tissue |
hist/o | tissue(s) |
lip/o | fat, fat tissue |
my/o | muscle(s), muscle tissue |
neur/o | nerve(s), nerve tissue |
onc/o | tumor(s) |
path/o | disease |
radi/o | x-rays (ionizing radiation) |
sarc/o | flesh, connective tissue |
viscer/o | internal organs |
-al | pertaining to |
-genic | producing, originating, causing |
-logist | one who studies and treats (specialist, physician) |
-logy | study of |
-oid | resembling |
-oma | tumor |
-plasm | growth (substance or formation) |
-stasis | control, stop |
meta- | beyond |
neo- | new |
carcinogenic | producing cancer |
carcinoma | cancerous tumor |
cytoid | resembling a cell |
cytology | study of cells |
epithelial | pertaining to epithelium |
epithelioma | tumor composed of epithelial tissue |
histology | study of tissues |
lipoid | resembling fat |
lipoma | tumor composed of fat tissue |
metastasis (pl. metastases) | beyond control |
myoma | tumor composed of muscle tissue |
neoplasm | new growth |
neuroma | tumor composed of nerve tissue |
oncologist | physician who studies tumors and treats them |
oncology | study of tumors |
pathogenic | producing disease |
pathologist | physician who studies disease |
pathology | study of disease |
radiologist | physician who studies and treats using x-rays (and other diagnostic imaging procedures) |
radiology | study of x-rays (and other diagnostic imaging procedures) |
sarcoma | tumor of connective tissue |
visceral | pertaining to internal organs |
benign | not malignant, nonrecurring |
biopsy | removal of living tissue to be viewed under a microscope for diagnostic purposes |
chemotherapy | treatment of cancer using pharmaceuticals |
diagnosis | identification of a disease |
infection | invasion of pathogens in body tissue |
inflammation | localized, protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain |
malignant |