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1: Intro to medicine
1: Introduction to Medicine 1: Bioclinical and Social Sciences
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Instrument used to take BP | Sphygmomanometer |
| Apply cuff at brachial artery which is 2-3 cm above pulse above the pulse point at the ____ | antecubital fossa |
| 5 Korotkoff phases are | tapping starts, auscultatory gap (soft, swishing), tapping clearer, muffled, disappears |
| 6 Limb Pulses “_____ artery” | brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis |
| 3 head and neck pulses “_____ artery” | common carotid, temporal, facial |
| Normal pulse range adult | 60-90 bpm |
| Name for unusual pulse rhythm ; noise of turbulent flow across artery/vein ; flow turbulent across heart | sinus arrhythmia ; bruit ; murmur |
| Normal resp rate. What is stridor? | 12-20 bpm. Like wheeze but on inhale |
| Normal temp | 36-37.5 |
| Measuring core/peripheral temp. Peripheral specifically in ear called ____ | tympanic |
| CVPU is | consciousness scale: confused, voice, pain, unconscious |
| Opportunity cost def | the value of forgone benefit which could be obtained from a resource in it’s next best alternative use |
| Marginal analysis def | examination of additional benefits of activity compared to additional costs incurred by that same activity. |
| 5 types of economic evaluation “ cost ______” analysis | “BECUM” -benefit, effectiveness, consequences (not formal method), utility, minimalisation. |
| Example of cost utility analysis healthcare | QALY= quality-adjusted life year |
| 3 of the types of drug interactions | synergy, negates/competes, no effect |
| Who regulates pharmacology? | MHRA= Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency |
| What do POM, P, GSL stand for? | Prescription only medication, pharmacy medication (over counter), general sales list medication (general shops). |
| Agonist/ antagonist defs | AG= activates receptors and elicit response. AN= prevent effect of agonist |
| Pharmacodynamics vs pharmacokinetics def | how DRUG AFFECTS the body vs how BODY AFFECTS drug |
| How well drug bings to receptor is it’s _______ to it | affinity |
| 4 stages of pharmacokinetics. ; Which two types of drug are absorbed differently? | absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion. ; lipophilic and hydrophilic. |
| Prodrugs = | metabolites, medication or compound that after administration is metabolised into pharmacologically active drugs. |
| 6 routes of drug administration: | “STRIPO” sublingual, topical, rectal, inhaled, parenteral, oral |
| 5 Types of PARENTERAL administration | “ITISI”, intravenous, transdermal, intermuscular, subcutaneous, implantation |
| 4 types of joints: | Bony, fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
| Synovial joints (all major joints in limb) have ___, ____ surfaces covered by _____ ______. | smooth articular surfaces ; hyaline cartilage |
| Joint capsule surrounds the synovial joint. It contains ___ ____ . Inside the joint capsule, ____ ____ secretes ____ ____ to nourish and protect and nourish the joint. | supportive ligaments ; synovial membrane ; synovial fluid |
| Muscle def | tissue that’s able to generate movement by contracting/ relaxing. |
| Biomechanical principles of skeletal muscle (to have action the muscle must ... ) | 1. Have 2 ATTACHMENTS ; 2. must attach at EITHER SIDE of the joint. ; 3. Muscle will have ACTION at EVERY JOINT IT CROSSES. ; 4. HOW muscle crosses J determines action it will have. |
| Flexion vs extension defs | flexion= bending or pulling. extension= all back |
| Abduction vs adduction def | ab= limb moved away from body. Ad= limb moved toward body |
| Medial vs lateral rotation def | med= limb twisted inward eg foot. Lat = limb twisted outwards from body |
| Pronation vs supination. In hands, where does this action occur? | pro, hands face down. Sup, hands out like holding soup. ; at the elbow |
| Inversion vs eversion | in= sole turned inward. ev= sole turned outward (dog poo) |
| Two groups of fibres name and function | EFFERENT fibres = exist in the spinal cord to innervate. AFFERENT fibres = arrive back with sensory information in the skin. |
| Veins in two groups | deep or superficial |
| Neurovascular bundle | formed of Nerve, Artery, Vein supplying same structure, travelling together. "NAV" |
| Litigation | the act, process, or practice of settling a dispute in a court of law : the act or process of litigating |
| Inquests | a judicial or official inquiry or examination especially before a jury. A body of people (such as a jury) assembled to hold such an inquiry |
| Types of law (last one requires ____) | criminal law , civil law , public law (judicial review) |
| Civil cases settled two ways:. | Contract law; Tort law. |
| Ethical problems include: ____ of duty. And _____ N_______ | breach ; clinical negligence. |
| Sources of law: | State ; common law/ case law ; regulations and professional guidance. |
| Patients have right to access healthcare records under the _______ | data protection act 1998 |
| Miasma theory of disease > John snow | Proposed disease transmitted in cloud of close > father of modern epidemiology, found cholera transm by polluted water |
| “Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence” written in the … | Human rights act 1998 |
| What regulates the processing of personal data about living individuals? | General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Data protection act 2018 |
| Someone who shares someone’s medical information bc they lack capacity | Health and Welfare power of attorney |
| Framing significance | analysis of concepts and definitions. How we look at given situation |
| 3 ethical moral theories | virtue ethics ; duty ethics (deontology) ; consequentialism |
| Most developed form of consequentialism is | utilitarianism (greatest happiness for greatest number.) |
| Do Message framing by using ______theory | gain/ loss theory |
| Motivational interviewing will help someone recognise their | self-efficacy |
Created by:
BadhA2013
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