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Tissues
Hole's Anatomy and Physiology15th Ed. Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This type of tissue forms protective coverings and functions in secretion and absorption | Epithelial Tissue |
| This type of tissue supports and binds structures | Connective Tissue |
| This type of tissue produces body movements and has contractive properties | Muscle Tissue |
| This type of tissue conducts impulses that control and coordinate body activities | Nervous tissue |
| Basement membrane | Anchors epithelial tissue to connective tissue |
| simple | one single layer of cells |
| stratified | two or more layers of cells |
| squamous | thin, flat cells |
| cuboidal | cube shaped cells |
| columnar | column shaped cells |
| simple squamous epithelium | single layer of thin flat cells fctn: filtration, diffusion, osmosis, covers surface found: lining of air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries, inside of blood and lymph vessels |
| simple cuboidal epithelium | single layer of cube shaped cells fctn: absorption and secretion found: covering ovaries, lining kidney tubes, ducts of glands |
| simple columnar epithelium | single layer of column shaped cells may be ciliated or have micro-villi on the surface area fctn: goblet cells secrete mucus, absorption, protection found: digestive system, uterus |
| pseudostratified columnar epithelium | look stratified but are not nuclei at different levels fctn: protection, movement, secretion. commonly have cilia that capture dust and microorganisms in the air and help movement of substances, goblet cells secrete mucus found: upper respiratory pasjw |
| stratified squamous epithelium | many layers of thin flat cells deeper layers that divide and push older cells outward fctn: protection- makes up outer layer of skin skin cells age, they become hard and die |
| stratified cuboidal epithelium | two or three layers of cube shaped cells fctn: protection- form the lining of a lumen opening found: larger ducts of glands and some tubes, mammary glands, sweat and salivary glands |
| stratified columnar epithelium | many layers of column shaped cells fctn: protection and secretion found: male urethra, vas deferens, parts of pharynx |
| transitional epithelium | form inner lining of the urinary bladder (uterus, urethra) several layers of cuboidal cells that can expand fctn: stretch in the response to tension, protection |
| glandular epithelium | specialized cells that make and secrete substances into ducts and/or body fluids. one or more of these cells together is a gland |
| exocrine glands | secrete their products into ducts that open onto a surface |
| merocrine gland | release secretions w/o losing cytoplasim |
| apocrine glands | loses a portion of their cell body during secretion mamory glands |
| holocrine gland | releases entire cell with secretion sebaceous glands of the skin |
| endocrine glands | secrete products into tissue fluid or blood |
| connective tissue | most diverse and abundant binds structures-skin to muscle provides support (bone) and protection (bone, fat) serve as framework (bone, reticular cartilage) fill spaces (loose connective, fat) store fat produce blood cells protect from infection etc |
| fixed cells | reside in the tissue for an extended period of time |
| fibroblast | star shaped fixed cell produce fibers by secreting proteins into the matrix |
| mast cells | near blood vessels fixed cell release heparin which prevents blood clots release histamine for Inflammation and allergic reactions |
| wandering cells | appear temporarily (injury or infection) |
| macrophage | wandering cells acting as scavengers phagocytize- eat anything foreign |
| three types of connective tissue fibers | collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers |
| collagenous fibers | thick threads of the protein collagen fleible but only slightly elastic great strength make up ligaments, tendons look white |
| elastic fibers | made of the protein elastin thin fibers stretch appear yellowish |
| reticular fibers | very thin form a delicate support network loose connective tissue filling spaces in |
| three types of loose connective tissue | areolar tissue, adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue |
| adipose tissue | fat cells called adipocytes contain fat droplets within their cytoplasm found beneath the skin, between muscles, kidneys, surface of heart and behind eyes cushions joints, insulates beneath skin, stores energy in fat molecules |
| areolar tissue | has fibroblast cells binds skin to underlying organs, fills spaces between muscles delicate, thin membrane made of collagen and elastic fibers |
| reticular connective tissue | composed of thin collagenous fibers in a three dimensional network, which contains numerous fibroblasts and white blood cells provides framework of certain internal organs (liver and spleen) like scaffolding |
| dense connective tissue | very strong and fibrous bind body parts together (ligaments and tendons) poor blood supply, slow tissue repair many closely packed thick collagenous fibers and a network of elastic fibers and a few fibroblasts |
| elastic connective tissue | consists of yellow elastic fibers in parallel strands or branching networks, with collagenous fibers and fibroblasts between them elastic found between bones in the spinal column and layers within the walls of some hollow internal organs |
| three types of cartilage | hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage |
| cartilage | rigid connective tissue support, framework and attachments protect underlying tissue chrondrocytes- cartilage cells lack a direct blood supply so very slow healing |
| hyaline cartilage | most common looks like white glass found on the end of bones at joints, soft part of nose, rings of air passageways |
| elastic cartilage | made of elastic fibers flexible framework of outer ear |
| fibrocartilage | very tough shock absorber pads between vertebrae (intervertebral discs) |
| bone | most rigid connective tissue hard due to calcium salts supports body structures protects attachments for muscles |
| osteocytes | form cylinder shaped units called osteons (look like tree trunk) |
| blood | transports materials composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets |
| three types of muscle tissue | skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| skeletal muscle tissue | voluntary striations help move limbs and stuff |
| smooth muscle tissue | involuntary intestines, blood vessels nonstriated |
| cardiac muscle tissue | heart involuntary striated pumps blood through the heart and into the blood vessels has intercalated discs |
| nervous tissue | found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves coordinate, regulate, and integrate many body functions include neuroglial cells |
| four types of epithelial membranes | serous, mucous, synovial, cutaneous |
| serous epithelial membrane | lines body cavities that lack openings to the outside secrete serous fluid (watery fluid that lubricates the cavities) |
| mucous epithelial membrane | lines cavities and tubes that are open to the outside (can be internal) goblet cells that secret mucus (thick fluid) |
| synovial epithelial membrane | found in joints secretes synovial fluid for lubrication |
| cutaneous epithelial membrane | skin |
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