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A&P: Ch2 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| electrolytes | minerals that carry electrical charges that help balance the body's pH balance |
| Inorganic | not consisting of or deriving from living matter. |
| Organic | relating to or derived from living matter. Usually contains carbon. |
| dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule. |
| hydrolysis | A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water. |
| dehydrated | the state in which a large amount of water has been lost or removed from the body |
| carbohydrates | the starches and sugars present in foods |
| monosaccharides | Single sugar molecules |
| glycogen | The stored form of glucose found in the liver and muscle of animals |
| disaccharide | A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis. |
| polysaccharides | large, complex macromolecule chain formed from hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides |
| Lipids | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| Fats (tryglycerides) | make up 95% of the fats in the human body. They consist of glycerol and fatty acids. |
| Phospholipids | a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group found in the cell membranes. |
| Steroids | lipids that contain cholesterol. |
| Cholesterol | A type of lipid made by the body from saturated fat needed for hormone production and regulation. |
| Proteins | organic compounds used by the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues |
| Amino Acids | building blocks of proteins |
| Enzymes | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
| organic catalysts | chemical substances that reduce the activation energy that is needed for a reaction to take place |
| Nucleic Acids | a chain of nucleotides which stores genetic information in biological systems. |
| protein synthesis | the formation of proteins in the mitochondria by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA |
| acid | A compound that loses H+ ions and increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. pH = 0 - 6.9 |
| base (alkali) | a compound that accepts H+ and removes them from solution. pH = 7.1 - 14 |
| hydroxide ion | A negatively charged ion made of oxygen and hydrogen ( OH- ) |
| Neutralization | The act or process of making a solution neutral (pH = 7) occurs as a reaction of an acid with a base. |
| pH scale | scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution |
| buffer | compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| extracellular fluid | body fluids located outside of cells |
| interstitial fluid | fluid in the spaces between cells |
| intracellular fluid | the fluid contained within cells |
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wrziha
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