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Unit B: Foundations
History of Health Care
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primitive Times | Believed evil spirits and demons caused disease |
| Ancient Egyptians | first to write down findings on health that were accurate; physicians were priests |
| Ancient Chinese | Believed one must cure body, mind and spirit; yet religion prohibited dissection |
| Greeks | Believed illness was caused by natural causes not as a punishment from the Gods |
| Romans | Built aqueducts and sewers; believed body was regulated by humors that needed to stay in balance to prevent illness |
| Dark Ages | study of medicine was prohibited; monks and priests treated sick with prayer and ceremonies |
| Middle Ages | Bubonic Plaque killed large percentage of the population |
| 16th, 17th, 18th Century | Many people still died from infections |
| 19th Century | infection control methods were developed once microorganisms were associate with disease |
| 20th Century | Discovered ABO blood groups, Insulin, antibiotics, vaccines, CAT scan and organ transplants were successful |
| What is one way Congress is trying to control costs for government insurance plans such as Medicare and Medicaid. | Diagnostic related groups (DRGs) |
| Who developed an organized method to observe the human body and recorded the signs and symptoms of many diseases. | Hippocrates |
| The most rapid growth in health care occurred during | the 20th century. |
| Who used dissection in order to draw the human body more realistically. | Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci |
| What type of care promotes physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being. | Holistic health care |
| What uses video, audio, and computer systems to provide medical and/or health care services. | Telemedicine |
| In ancient times, a treatment for insanity and epilepsy was boring a hole in the skull what was the process called? | a process called trepanation. |
| The first hospitals were established by the _________ when physicians began caring for patients in their homes. | Romans |
| Public health and sanitation systems were first developed by the | Romans |
| The Father of Medicine is | Hippocrates |
| Bifocals for glasses were invented by | Benjamin Franklin |
| A vaccination for smallpox was developed in 1796 by | Edward Jenner |
| Disinfection and antiseptics were first used to prevent infection during surgery by | Joseph Lister |
| The founder of the American Red Cross in 1881 was | Clara Barton |
| The professional education of modern nurses was started by ____ | Florence Nightingale |
| The individual whose studies formed the basis for psychology and psychiatry is ____. | Sigmund Freud |
| Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by ___ | Sir Alexander Fleming |
| The polio vaccine was developed in 1952 by ____. | Jonas Salk |
| The Alternative and Complementary Method practitioner who believes that a life energy flows through every living person in an invisible system of meridians is a/an ____. | Chinese medicine practitioner |
| Created the first mercury thermometer in 1714 | Gabriel Fahrenheit |
| Invented the microscope in 1666 | Anton van Leeuwenhoek |
| Invented the stethoscope in 1816 | René Laënnec |
| Became the first female physician in the United States in 1849 | Elizabeth Blackwell |
| Discovered X-rays in 1895 | Wilhelm Roentgen |
| Developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens in 1882 | Robert Koch |
| Isolated radium in 1910 | Marie Curie |
| Established efficient and sanitary nursing units during the Crimean War | Florence Nightingale |
| Described the circulation of blood to and from the heart in 1628 | William Harvey |
| Proved microorganisms cause disease and created a vaccine for rabies | Louis Pasteur |
| What is the federal act that requires states to establish training and competency evaluation programs for nursing and geriatric assistants? | Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987 |
| What are some methods for cost containment? | HMOs, and PPOs, mass or bulk purchasing, buy equipment and supplies in larger quantities to obtain a reduced price, early intervention and preventive services, providing care before acute or chronic disease occurs, and DRG's |
| Uses very minute, dilute, doses of drugs to produce the symptoms of the disease being treated and to stimulate the immune system to remove toxins and heal the body; | homeopathy |
| Controls rising cost of health care & achieves max. benefit for every dollar spent | Cost Containment |
| Care for the elderly | Geriatric Care |
| Services provided at patient's home | Home Health Care |
| Use of video, audio, & computers to provide medical/health care services | Telemedicine |
| State of optimum health Balance between physical, mental, & social health | Wellness |
| Physical Wellness | Diet, exercise |
| Emotional Wellness | Understanding personal feelings |
| Social Wellness | Showing concern, affection, respect |
| Mental & Intellectual Wellness | Using common sense, being creative, curious, etc |
| Spiritual Wellness | Using values, ethics, morals to find meanings & purpose to life |
| Treats the whole body, mind, & spirit Promotes body's natural healing power | Holistic Health Care |
| Complementary Health Care | Conjunction with conventional therapies Alternative Health Care In place of biomedical therapies |
| Alternative Health Care | In place of biomedical therapies |
| Re-establish balance in body through diet, exercise, body cleansing, & health of body, mind, & spirit | Ayurvedic |
| Treatment & prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system | Chiropractic |
| Person who helps an individual change their behavior via verbal suggestions while in a trance-like state | Hypnotist |
| use only natural therapies to promote healing; avoid use of surgery and medical agents to treat disease | Naturopathy |
| monitoring the use of energy to control costs and conserve resources | energy conservation |
| patients receive care without being admitted to hospitals or other care facilities | outpatient services |
| Renaissance | Dissection of the body led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology |
Created by:
HSEwithMrsK
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