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HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY
Hematology 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The best prognostic indicator of melanoma | Depth of invastion into dermis (vertical growth) |
| 43 yro male with epigastric pain, heartburn, weight loss for 4 months; few occasions of black, tarry stools; diffuse epigastric pain. Diagnosis? | Zollinger-Ellison |
| Pancoast's tumor impinging on cervical sympathetic plexus. What is the syndrome and it's symptoms? | Horner's syndrome: ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis |
| Risk factors for breast cancer | Family history, delayed menopause (>50), early menarche (<12), late pregnancy (>30), old age |
| Site of action: heparin vs. low molecular weight heparin | Heparin works on antithrombin III and Xa, whereas LMW heparin works predominantly on Xa |
| Warfarin blocks activation of what processes? | Vitamin K dependent processes (II, VII, IX, and X) |
| Brain tumor predominantly in children found exclusively in cerebellum | Medulloblastoma |
| Most common brain tumor of adults; found in the cerebral hemispheres. Grave prognosis (almost zero survival at 5 years) | Glioblastoma multiforme |
| Benign tumor found in frontal lobes, classically described as consisting of "fried egg" cells | Oligodendroglioma |
| Most common supratentorial tumor in children, derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch | Craniopharyngioma |
| Nonmalignat neoplasm arising from arachnoid granulations | Meningioma |
| Lack of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase. Symptoms result from buildup of delta-ALA and porphobilinogen | Acute intermitten porphyria; symptoms 4 P's (painful abdomen, pink urine, polyneuropathy, psychological disturbances) |
| Most common form of thyroid cancer, often associated with ionizing radiation exposure. | Papillary carcinoma, excellent prognosis |
| Thyroid histology reveals branching papillae lined by epithelial cells with ground glass nuclei "Orphan Annie eye nuclei" and concentrically calcified psammoma bodies. | Papillary carcinoma |
| Thyroid histology reveals uniform cells surrounding colloid-filled follicles with Hurthle cells; no psammoma bodies | Follicular carcinoma; second most common thyroid cancer |
| Neoplasm of parafollicular or C cells of thyroid resulting in increased serum calcitonin. | Medullary carcinoma; may be associated with MEN II when bilateral |
| Congenital abnormality caused by persistance of diverticulum formed during thyroid gland migration | Thyroglossal cyst |
| Deficiency in Hemophilia A | Factor VIII; X linked |
| Deficiency in Hemophilia B | Factor IX; X linked |
| Multiple micro-infarcts in spleen result in functional asplenia, patients are thus susceptible to encapsulated bacterium. Diagnosis? | Sickle cell anemia |
| Sickle cell patients are at risk of having an aplastic crises often associated with what infection? | B19 parvovirus |
| Splenomegaly and fatigue with Auer rod cytoplasmic inclusions on peripheral blood smear. Diagnosis? | AML |
| Splenomegaly and fatigue with teardrop-shaped RBC's on peripheral blood smear. Diagnosis? | Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis |
| Splenomegaly and fatigue with B cells showing filamentous projections | Hairy cell leukemia |
| Common site of metastasis for GI tumors | Liver (portal blood flow) |
| Common site of metastasis for breast, kidney, and lung tumors | Most often brain and bone |
| What is the mechanism of lead poisening resulting in anemia? | Lead inhibits ALA dehydratase and ferrochetalase preventing porphobilinogen formation and iron incorporation |
| Familial adenomatous polyposis results from mutation of what chromosome? | Chromosome 5 |
| What abnormal labs are expected with cobalamin deficiency? | Increased mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and elevated and methylmalonic acid |
| What disorders are associated with MEN IIA and what oncogene is distinct? | Parathyroid hyperplasia or tumor, medullary carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma; Ret oncogene |
| What disorders are associated with MEN I? | Wermer's syndrome effects 3 P's: pituitary, parathyroid, pancreas |
| Parasitic infection presenting with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, anemia, malaise and weight common to middle east locations | Leishmania donovani |
| Parasitic infection presenting with bloating, flatulence, and foul smelling diarrhea. | Giardia lamblia |
| parasitic infection with 48 hour cyclic fever, can remain dormant in the liver for long periods of time | Plasmodium ovale |
| Where does intrinsic factor bind B12 and later receptors? | IF binds B12 in small intestine (not stomach) and receptors in distal ileum (ileal resection can result in B12 deficiency) |
| Deficiency of vWF metalloprotease resulting in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with schistocytes on peripheral blood smear. | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) |
| Complement mediated RBC lysis due to insufficient synthesis of GPI anchors. Dark urine in the morning. | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
Created by:
attarma
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