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Unit 1 CFU Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Study of living things |
| Physiology | Study of how living things work |
| Imaginary anatomical lines | Sagittal plane, transverse plane, frontal plane |
| Sagittal plane | Divides the body into left and right |
| Transverse plane | Divides the body into top and bottom |
| Frontal plane | Divides the body into front and back |
| Integumentary system | Skin, hair, nails |
| Skeletal system | Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, heart |
| Digestive system | Esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver |
| Respiratory system | Lungs, larynx, pharynx, trachea, nasal passages |
| Cardiovascular system | Heart and blood vessels |
| Lymphatic system | Lymphatic vessels and nodes |
| Urinary system | Kidneys, bladder |
| Nervous system | Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors |
| Endocrine system | Thyroid glands, pituitary glands, adrenal glands, pancreas |
| Reproductive system (male) | Testes, scrotum, penis |
| Reproductive system (female) | Ovaries, uterus, vagina |
| 4 types of tissues | Epithelial, connective, muscular, neural |
| Cavities of the body | Cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic |
| A group of cells | Tissue |
| Which body system maintains the boundaries of the body? | Integumentary system |
| Which body system detects and responds to internal and external stimuli and activated responses in the appropriate muscle or gland? | Nervous system |
| Negative feedback | Responds to normal malfunctions in the body (regulates temperature, breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, etc) |
| Positive feedback | Responds to crisis situations (birth, blood clotting, fever, etc) |
| Homeostasis | Balances out variables (body temperature, blood sugar levels, blood pressure, etc) in the body |
| Metabolism | Chemical reactions occurring in the body’s cells |
| Anabolism - add up | Energy + small molecules —> larger molecules, proteins and lipids |
| Catabolism - cuts down | Large molecule —> energy + small molecules, carbohydrates |
| Anabolism makes | Glucose —> glycogen, ATP (cellular energy), enzymes, and membranes |
| Catabolism cuts down | Glycogen —> starch, proteins —> amino acids |
| Acids | More hydrogen ions in solutions, pH is less than 7 |
| Bases (alkaline) | More hydroxide ions in solutions, pH is greater than 7 |
| Ions | Form when atoms gain or loss electrons |
| Positive ions | Form when electrons are lost |
| Negative ions | Form when electrons are gained |
| Common ions in the body | Sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen, chloride, and hydroxide |
| Solvent | A medium that is doing the dissolving |
| Solutes | Molecules that are being dissolved |
| Solution | A mixture |
| Intracellular fluid | Fluid INSIDE the cell |
| Extracellular fluid | Fluid OUTSIDE the cell |
| Intravascular fluid | Blood plasma |
| Interstitial fluid | Fluid BETWEEN the cells and blood |
| CHON + % | Carbon 18%, Hydrogen 10%, Oxygen 65%, Nitrogen 3% = 96% |
| What macronutrients make up 30% of the body? | Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids |
| 3 biomolecules | Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids |
| How do carbohydrates form in the body? | Monosaccharides and polysaccharides |
| Examples of carbohydrates | Glucose (mono) and glycogen (poly) |
| What do carbohydrates do? | Make fuel for the cells |
| How do proteins form in the body? | Disassembles (amino acid), primary structure (peptide chain), complete (protein) |
| Examples of proteins | Collagen, transport channels, enzymes, hair & nails |
| What do proteins do? | Everything |
| Other kinds of proteins | Structural, enzyme, transport, and contractile |
| How do lipids form in the body? | Triglycerides (fatty acid chain), phospholipids, adipocyte (energy storage) |
| Examples of lipids | Enzymes, skin, cavity linings |
| What do lipids do? | Make membranes by lubricating joints and other structures for ease of movement and stores stuff |
| Cellular respiration | Sugars are turned into usable energy |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | Chemical energy used by all cells, stores energy (anabolism) and releases energy (catabolism) |
| Why Is cellular energy needed?7 | To move molecules, (water, sodium, etc), protein synthesis, muscle contractions, metabolism, etc |
| What body system returns body fluids to the bloodstream? | Lymphatic system |
Created by:
lbradfield1
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