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Chabner Chapter 4
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Apnea | Not breathing. |
Anoxia | Without oxygen (decrease in tissues). |
Abnormal | Pertaining to away from the norm (rule); not regular. |
Abductor | One who (muscle which) leads away from the body. |
Adductor | One who (muscle which) leads toward the body. |
adrenal glands | Endocrine glands located above (toward) the kidneys. |
Anabolism | Process of casting (building) up materials (proteins) within cells. |
Analysis | To separate (apart). Psychoanalysis is a psychiatric treatment that explores the mind. |
ante cibum | Before meals. |
Anteflexion | Bending forward. |
Antepartum | Before birth. |
Antisepsis | Condition against infection. |
Antibiotic | Pertaining to against life (germ life). |
Antibody | Protein substance made in the body to destroy foreign antigens. |
Antigen | A substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of antibodies. |
Antitoxin | A substance (antibody) produced in response to and capable of neutralizing a toxin (such as those causing diphtheria or tetanus |
autoimmune disease | A condition related to making antibodies (immune substances) against one's own (auto-) cells and tissues. |
Bifurcation | Forking (branching) into two |
Bilateral | Pertaining to two sides. |
Bradycardia | Condition of slow heartbeat. |
Catabolism | Process of casting down materials (sugar) to release energy in cells. |
congenital anomaly | Irregularity at birth. |
Connect | to tie (bind) together. |
Contraindication | To point out against; as reasons why a drug should not be taken. |
Contralateral | Pertaining to the opposite side. |
Dehydration | Condition of lack of water. |
Diameter | To measure through; as the diameter of a circle. |
Diarrhea | To flow through; water is not properly absorbed through the walls of the colon. |
Dialysis | Complete separation; two types are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. |
Dyspnea | Difficult breathing. |
Dysplasia | Abnormal ("bad") development or formation. |
ectopic pregnancy | Pregnancy out of the normal place (usually in the fallopian tubes). |
Endocardium | Inner lining (membrane) of the heart. |
Endoscope | Instrument to view within the body; gastroscope, bronchoscope, laparoscope. |
Endotracheal | Pertaining to within the trachea. |
Epithelium | Skin cell; literally, "upon a nipple." |
Euphoria | Good feeling, "high." |
Euthyroid | Normal thyroid function. |
Exophthalmos | Eyeballs that protrude. |
Hemiglossectomy | Removal of half the tongue. |
Hyperglycemia | Increase in blood sugar. |
Hyperplasia | Condition of increased formation (increase in number of cells). |
Hypertrophy | Increase in development; increase in size of cells. |
hypodermic injection | Use of a needle and syringe to force liquid under the skin. |
Hypoglycemia | Decrease in blood sugar. |
Insomniac | Pertaining to inability to sleep. |
Incision | Process of cutting into; sectioning. |
Infracostal | Pertaining to below ribs. |
Intercostal | Pertaining to between the ribs. |
Intravenous | Pertaining to within a vein. |
Macrocephaly | Pertaining to an enlarged head; a congenital anomaly. |
Malignant | Harmful, bad; cancerous condition. |
Malaise | Feeling of discomfort; "bad feeling." |
metacarpal bones | Five hand bones (beyond the wrist). |
Metamorphosis | Condition of change of shape or form.. |
Metastasis | Beyond control; spreading of a malignant tumor. |
Microscope | Instrument to view small objects. |
Neonatal | Pertaining to a newborn (infant). |
Neoplasm | New growth; new formation (tumor). |
Pancytopenia | Condition of decrease in all cells (blood cells). |
Paralysis | Abnormal destruction (of nerves) leading to loss of muscle function. |
parathyroid glands | Endocrine glands located near (on the dorsal side of) the thyroid gland. |
Percutaneous | Pertaining to through the skin. |
Pericardium | Membrane surrounding the heart. |
Periosteum | Membrane surrounding the bone. |
Polymorphonuclear | Pertaining to a many-shaped nucleus; a type of white blood cell. |
Polyneuritis | Inflammation of many nerves. |
Postmortem | After death. |
Postpartum | After childbirth; this most often refers to the mother. |
Precancerous | Pertaining to before cancer; a lesion that may become cancerous. |
Prenatal | Pertaining to before birth. |
Prodrome | Signs and symptoms that appear before the onset of a more severe illness. |
Prolapse | Sliding forward or downward. |
Pseudocyesis | State of false pregnancy. |
Relapse | A sliding back; recurrence of symptoms of disease. |
Remission | To send back; disappearance of symptoms of disease. |
Retroperitoneal | Pertaining to behind the peritoneum. |
Retroflexion | Bending backward. |
Subcutaneous | Pertaining to under the skin. |
Suprapubic | Pertaining to above the pubic bone (part of the pelvis). |
Syndactyly | Condition of webbed (held together) fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly. |
Synthesis | To put or place together, as in protein synthesis or photosynthesis. |
Syndrome | A group of symptoms that run (occur) together. |
Symbiosis | Condition or state of "life together" |
Symmetry | State of "measurement together"; equality of parts; mirror images. |
Symphysis | To grow together; bones that grow together at the joint. |
Tachypnea | Rapid breathing. |
Transfusion | To pour across, as in transferring blood from one person to another. |
Transurethral | Pertaining to through the urethra. |
Ultrasonography | Process of recording ultrasound (beyond the normal range) waves. |
Unilateral | Pertaining to one side. |